1. Nationalism in China, India, and Southwest Asia (Ch. 14, Sec. 3 & 4)

2. Imperial China Collapsed
Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) overthrew the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1911)
Sun Yixian (President) set up government based on democratic ideas (including people’s rights)
Sun turned presidency over to Yuan Shikai (military dictator) in hopes of uniting the nation
When he died (1916), civil war broke out & provincial warlords assumed power
Treaty of Versailles (1919) gave control of Chinese territories (Germany) to Japan

3. The Communists’ Long March

4. Communist Party in China
May Fourth Movement (protest over treaty by students) led to more support for Communist ideas
After Sun Yixian died (1925), Jiang Jieshi became leader of Kuomintang (democracy & rights)
Jiang joined forces with Communists (Mao Zedong) to defeat warlords, but turned on them in 1927
The Shanghai attack killed many leaders & almost wiped out the Communists
Communist began Long March to escape Nationalist forces (around 8,000 survived), but Japan’s 1937 occupation of Manchuria (coal & iron ore) led to truce

6. Indian Nationalism
Hindu Indian National Congress (1885) & Muslim League (1906) worked to end British rule
Protest of Rowlatt Acts turned into Amritsar Massacre (400 dead, 1,200 wounded)
Gandhi’s teachings blended many major religions
Ghandhi preached nonviolence (satyagraha), boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience / Salt March
After gaining self-rule from Britain, Muslims & Hindus had different ideas for India’s future

7. Muslims and Hindus had different ideas for India’s future and each wanted to control India.

8. Independence in Southwest Asia
Mustafa Kemal led Turkish nationalists as they defeated Greece and Britain
They overthrew the last Ottoman sultan and established the Republic of Turkey
Persia defeated Britain and became the nation of Iran under Reza Shah Pahlavi
Arabia unified as Saudi Arabia under King Saud / kept Islamic traditions, added modern technology
Southwest Asian countries control 2/3 of the world’s oil supply (mostly Muslim controlled)