1. Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia

2. Nationalism after WWI Nationalist activity began in India,Turkey,
and some of the Southwest Asian countries

3. Indian Nationalism Grows
Indians applies European views of nationalism and democracy
India Indian National Congress
1885
Muslim League 1906
-Even though Hindus and Muslim were divided, they had the same goal: Independence

4. Nationalist Activity India wanted self-government
Joined the British army
thought they would gain more rights in government
But NO, still treated poorly
Angered Indians acted violently
British Governments formed
“Rowlatt Act” : protesters in prison without
trial.
Educated Indians denied this law, rebelled

5. Amritsar Massacre Hindus and Muslim gather in Amritsar angered British
British government forbid public meetings.
British commander told the army to kill them-> 400 died wounded
Angered India
Loyal Indians revolutionaries and nationalists

6. Mohandas K. Gandhi Gandhi: Leader of Independence movement
Politically acted with his religious ideas
Called Mahatma =
“GREAT SOUL”

7. Civil Disobedience Stated principle of satyagraha= “truth-force,”
Disobeying unfair laws
Gandhi required
“No Violence”
Purpose: weaken British government and economy
Don’t do things that will help
British.
Boycott of British cloth
Dropped British cloth sales

8. Salt March Indians could only buy salt from British government
walked 240 miles to the
seacoast
> “Salt March”
Made their own salt
Tried to shut down British salt works, but failed and were attacked by the Police
Gandhi and 60,000 people
were arrested

9. India Self-Rule Indians gain political power
Government of India Act: providing self-government
Helped move closer to full independence
Muslims & Hindus fought for more power
Hindus # > Muslims #

10. Nationalism Spreads to S.W. Asia
At the same time, Southwest Asian countries wanted independence
Each country had separate path
Nationalism grew
Ottoman Empire fell
Western countries had interest in SW Asia

11. Turkey Turkey: only part of Ottoman Empire left Mustafa Kemal
(President of Republic of Turkey)
Modernized the nation:
Separated laws of Islam & laws of the nation
Gave women more rights/freedom-vote, public office

12. Turkey IN and OUT of Ottoman Empire

13. Persia (Iran) Persia Iran
Before WWI: Great Britain & Russia =sphere of influence
British wanted all of Persia= irritated Persian
nationalists
Persians wanted freedom
Pahlavi (new leader) modernized Persia
But kept all power
Changed Persia->Iran
1935~
Before 1935
Persia
Iran

14. Saudi Arabia Held firmly to Islamic law (unlike Turkey)
Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud wanted to unify Arabia
Formed new kingdom: Saudi Arabia
Continued Arab & Islamic traditions

15. Oil and Economic Development
Nationalism grows in Southwast Asia
Industrialized countries needed
petroleum products oil interest in Southwest
Asia
Huge oil countries: Iran, Iraq,
Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait
Persian Gulf: 2/3 of world’s oil
Westerners try to get those oil regions