Reporting and use of air pollutant emission data under the ECE CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION Krzysztof Olendrzynski ECE/Air Secretariat 16 th session of the Working Group on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Istanbul, Turkey, April 2015

Outline  Emission reporting obligations; Guidelines for reporting emission and projections data; key air pollutants  Methodology for emission estimations – EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2013  Strengths and challenges  Use of emission data within and outside the Convention

1. Emission reporting obligations - Guidelines for reporting emission and projections data  art. 8 (a) of the Convention  Provisions on reporting of emissions in the Protocols to the Convention, notably: 1999/2012 Gothenburg, 1998/2012 Heavy Metals and 1998/2009 Persistent Organic Pollutants  Decision 2013/4 of the Executive Body on reporting of emissions and projections data under the Convention and its protocols in force  updated Guidelines for reporting (ECE/EB.AIR/125) – in force as of 1 January 2015; what, when, how often and how and to report

1. Emission reporting – what to report? A1. Emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air a) emissions from stationary sources (point and fugitive sources) b) emissions from mobile sources (incl. non-road mobile machinery) c) total emissions Main pollutants (minimum reporting?):  SO2, NOx, NMVOCs, NH3, PM2.5, PM10  POPs: PCBs, PCDD/F and PAHs  Heavy Metals: Pb, Cd and Hg

2. Methodology for emission estimations – EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook — 2013  Joint work of EMEP/CLRTAP and EEA  Web based “living” document available in EN and RU languages   Regular updates and extensions (approved by the Exec. Body)  Continuous alignment with IPCC/UNFCCC and EU legislation  Key role of the Task Force on Emission Inventories and Projections, and the Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections; both supervised by the Steering Body to EMEP

Status of reporting as of 13 Mar2015  35 countries (29 on time), 9 resubmissions, 34 PM, 24 BC  1 gridded data in new/high resolution (Switzerland)  improved reporting by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova and Ukraine

Spatial distribution of mercury emissions for EMEP region, 50x50 km Official Hg emission gridded data and expert estimates (51 countries)

h Required parameters:  Stack height  Stack diameter  Gas outflow velocity  Gas temperature Emissions from large point sources Prunéřov II Power Plant Estimates of effective emissions height (Brigg’s approach) Stack height m

3. Strengths and challenges of emissions reporting Strengths:  Obligatory reporting by Parties to the Convention  Long time series of reported emissions (1980, )  Gridded sectoral emissions, emissions from large point sources  Comprehensive review system Challenges:  Quality and consistency esp. in case of recalculations  No or limited chemical speciation of VOC, PCDD/F, Hg emissions  No temporal variation (needed for modelling)  No data on releases to other environmental media (soil, fresh and sea water; for modelling)

4. Use of the emission data  Emission trends and changes; sector analysis and policy recommendations; air pollution fate in the atmosphere: concentration and deposition patterns, country to country exchanges  As input to effects estimates and development of cost-effective emission scenarios  2016 Assessment Report (to be presented at 8 th EfE Conference in 2016)  Input to various national, sub-regional, regional and global assessments e.g. SoE, HELCOM - N, AMAP/Stockholm Convention - POPs, UNEP/Minamata Convention - Hg assessments, GEO-6? UNEA-1? …

Changes in key source categories The key source categories of HM pollution: Combustion in industry (1A2) Non-industrial combustion (1A4) Metal production (2C) Public electricity and heat production (1A1a) Prevailing sectors of lead, cadmium and mercury deposition in 2010 Cadmium 1A2 2C 1A1a 1A4 Other Mercury 1A2 2C 1A1a 1A4 Other Lead 1A2 1A4 1A1a Other 2C

Global Hg emissions inventory, AMAP/UNEP, g/km 2 /y Cooperation between EMEP and other international bodies in emission data preparation

Thank you for your attention! Krzysztof