Nouns: -“Name” -Person, Place, or Thing -Can be a Subject or an Object! Adjective: - “Attached to” - Describes a noun Pronoun: - “On behalf of a Noun” - Stands in place of a noun The students would come back to the cold and concrete school when the warm summer ended and they dreaded it. Subject: -“Thrown Down” -What the sentence is about -Can be a noun or pronoun Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Nouns: -“Name” -Person, Place, or Thing -Can be a Subject or an Object! Adjective: - “Attached to” - Describes a noun Pronoun: - “On behalf of a Noun” - Stands in place of a noun The students would come back to the cold and concrete school when the warm summer ended and they dreaded it. Subject: -“Thrown Down” -What the sentence is about -Can be a noun or pronoun Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Object: -Usually any noun not apart of the subject -Three main kinds -Direct -Indirect -Object of a Preposition Direct Object: -What the Verb acts upon. Preposition: Indirect Object: -When something is done to/for someone or some (living) thing. - “Put before” -Modifies the sentence in a directional or temporal way -Creates a Prepositional Phrase between the preposition and the object of the Preposition. Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Direct Object: -What the Verb acts upon. Preposition: - “Put before” -Modifies the sentence in a directional or temporal way -Creates a Prepositional Phrase between the preposition and the object of the preposition. Indirect Object: -When something is done to/for someone or some (living) thing. -To and For can be used instead of an IO On the first day, the magister gave students their books, which he tossed over their heads and onto their desks. When the kids screamed in terror, he said, “For me, it’s more fun when I throw things!” Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Direct Object: -What the Verb acts upon. Preposition: - “Put before” -Modifies the sentence in a directional or temporal way -Creates a Prepositional Phrase between the preposition and the object of the preposition. Indirect Object: -When something is done to/for someone or some (living) thing. -To and For can be used instead of an IO On the first day, the magister gave students their books, which he tossed over their heads and onto their desks. When the kids screamed in terror, he said, “For me, it’s more fun when I throw things!” Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Verb: -The action of a sentence Adverb: -“To the Verb” -Modifies or changes how the action/verb is done. -Can modify an adjective too Predicate: - Any part of the sentence not a part of the subject The magister quickly kicked a wooden desk very hard. Then he said to the student, “I am doing well, how are you doing? Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Verb: -The action of a sentence Adverb: -“To the Verb” -Modifies how the action/verb is done. -Can modify an adjective too Predicate: - Any part of the sentence not a part of the subject The magister quickly kicked a wooden desk very hard. Then he said to the student, “I am doing well, how are you doing?” Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Main Verb: -The central action of a sentence Helping Verb: -Helps the main explain when something was done. Linking Verb: -Connects a predicate noun or predicate adjective with the subject. When the students had left the classroom, they were talking about their teacher. “OMG, he is very weird.” “Weird? He is insane.” “He is a lunatic!” “Well, I have liked staring at the moon for many years,” said the teacher behind them. Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Main Verb: -The central action of a sentence Helping Verb: -Helps the main explain when something was done. Linking Verb: -Connects a predicate noun or predicate adjective with the subject. When the students had left the classroom, they were talking about their teacher. “OMG, he is very weird.” “Weird? He is insane.” “He is a lunatic” “Well, I have liked staring at the moon for many years,” said the teacher behind them. Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Voice: -Determines the relationship between the verb and the subject -English and Latin (mercifully) have only two voices that are easy to determine. Active: -The subject does the action of verb Passive -When the action is done to the subject. -(Uses is, are, was, were, or had been with a verb.) The magister frightens the students The students are frightened by the magister. Basic Grammar Review Parts of Speech

Basic Grammar Review Quick Side Note!! IS, ARE, WAS, and WERE, Are all forms…of the same word: TO BE!

First: Word Order - Latin word order is not strict…AT ALL! - So go with the flow and take it as it is. Third: Repetition Second: Context Intro to Lingua Latina Keep in Mind: - Lingua Latin likes to teach through context. - If there’s something you don’t understand…. Don’t Panic! Take a Breath. - Continue reading. It might make sense later. - Lingua Latin has a circular and repetitious style of writing. - This allows students to see the same words repeatedly and learn through context. - Be patient.

Basic Latin Grammar Quick Side Note!! A, An, or The Do not exist in Latin! …..get over it.

The difference between English and Latin grammar: -English grammar relies heavily on Word Order The girl loves the poet. Sub verb DO Comparison: Intro to Lingua Latina -Latin grammar relies heavily on Endings Poetam puella amat. DO Sub verb Amat Puella poetam. Verb Sub DO The same sentence!!

The difference between English and Latin adjectives: -English adjectives don’t change… they are boring and not friendly Sardinia is a large island. Sub verb adj noun Comparison: Intro to Lingua Latina -Latin adjectives have a very helpful identity crisis. What’s the difference? The town is small. Sub verb adj Oppidum est parvum Sub verb adj Sardinia est magna insula Sub verb adj noun

The difference between English and Latin adjectives: -English adjectives don’t change… they are boring and not friendly. Sardinia is a large island. Sub verb adj noun Comparison: Intro to Lingua Latina -Latin adjectives have a very helpful identity crisis. Latin adjectives agree with the nouns they modify. In other words… adjectives match their endings with the noun they go with. The town is small. Sub verb adj Oppidum est parvum Sub verb adj Sardinia est magna insula Sub verb adj noun