Psychological Disorders

Psychological disorders How do we classify disorders? How do we classify disorders? Types of disorders Types of disorders Labeling Labeling What are: What are: Anxiety disorders? Anxiety disorders? Mood disorders? Mood disorders? Dissociation disorders? Dissociation disorders? Schizophrenic disorders Schizophrenic disorders Personality disorders? Personality disorders?

How do we classify psychological disorders? DSM-IV-TR DSM-IV-TR PDM PDM Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual New in 2007 New in 2007

DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th. Ed. Text revision(TR) (4th. Ed. Text revision(TR) Used to identify psychological disorders Used to identify psychological disorders

Types of disorders Neurotic disorders Neurotic disorders Disorders that allow you to think & function socially Disorders that allow you to think & function socially Older term - Vague - used minimally Older term - Vague - used minimally Psychotic disorders Psychotic disorders Irrational thoughts Irrational thoughts Debilitating Debilitating

What is the effect of labeling psychological disorders? It biases your perception of the patient’s behavior It biases your perception of the patient’s behavior After you know the diagnosis (label) even normal behavior is seen as a symptom of that diagnosis. After you know the diagnosis (label) even normal behavior is seen as a symptom of that diagnosis.

What are anxiety disorders?

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Vague expectation that something bad will happen. Vague expectation that something bad will happen. Unfocused, out-of-control negative feelings. Unfocused, out-of-control negative feelings.

Panic Disorder Panic attack Panic attack Agoraphobia - fear of situations you can not escape if a panic attack occurs. Agoraphobia - fear of situations you can not escape if a panic attack occurs.

Phobias An irrational fear of something An irrational fear of something E.g. Arachnophobia - fear of spiders E.g. Arachnophobia - fear of spiders Social phobia - fear of social situations Social phobia - fear of social situations (Shyness taken to an extreme) (Shyness taken to an extreme)

Obsessive - compulsive disorders Obsessive = thoughts Obsessive = thoughts Thoughts that won’t go away Thoughts that won’t go away Compulsive = behavior Compulsive = behavior Checking a locked door Checking a locked door Straightening books or fringe on a carpet Straightening books or fringe on a carpet Hand washing Hand washing Flashing Flashing

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Causes: Causes: Trauma Trauma War War Rape Rape Effects (symptoms) Effects (symptoms) Nightmares Nightmares Flashbacks Flashbacks Social withdrawal Social withdrawal Anxiety Anxiety Insomnia (trouble sleeping) Insomnia (trouble sleeping)

What are mood disorders? Depression Depression The “common cold” of psychological disorders The “common cold” of psychological disorders Main reason people seek mental health services Main reason people seek mental health services Dysthymic disorder Dysthymic disorder Between “feeling down” and clinical depression Between “feeling down” and clinical depression Chronic “down-in-the-dumps” feeling for two years or more Chronic “down-in-the-dumps” feeling for two years or more Symptoms Symptoms Low energy Low energy Low self-esteem Low self-esteem Never happy Never happy

Bipolar Disorder Depression to manic episodes Depression to manic episodes Alternating between hopelessness and unrestrained optimism. Alternating between hopelessness and unrestrained optimism.

Dissociation and multiple personalities

Dissociative disorders Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings. Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings.

Dissociative identity disorder (Multiple personalities) Two or more distinct identities that control their behavior. Two or more distinct identities that control their behavior. Each person has its own voice and mannerisms. Each person has its own voice and mannerisms. One personality is usually unaware of the others. One personality is usually unaware of the others.

Schizophrenia “Split mind” “Split mind” Disorganized thinking Disorganized thinking Inappropriate emotions & actions Inappropriate emotions & actions Hallucinations (see or hear things) Hallucinations (see or hear things) Delusions (“I am God”) Delusions (“I am God”) False beliefs (Someone is poisoning me) False beliefs (Someone is poisoning me)

Types of Schizophrenia Paranoid Paranoid Delusions or hallucinations Delusions or hallucinations Themes of persecution Themes of persecution “The Russians are after me.” “The Russians are after me.” Disorganized Disorganized Disorganized speech or behavior Disorganized speech or behavior Flight of ideas Flight of ideas Inappropriate emotion Inappropriate emotion

Types of schizophrenia (cont.) Catatonic Catatonic Motionless - for long periods of time Motionless - for long periods of time Parrotlike repeating of another’s speech Parrotlike repeating of another’s speech

Undifferentiated Many different symptoms as discussed before. Many different symptoms as discussed before.

What are Personality Disorders? Antisocial personality disorder Antisocial personality disorder Formally called sociopath or psychopath Formally called sociopath or psychopath No conscience - (e.g. serial killer) No conscience - (e.g. serial killer)