1. Psychological Disorders
Psychology 40S C. McMurray
Source: PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers

2. Psychological Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Schizophrenia
Personality Disorders

3. Defining Psychological Disorders
Mental health workers view psychological disorders as persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions.
When behavior is deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered
OBJECTIVE 1| Identify criteria for judging whether behavior is psychologically disordered.

4. DSM - 5
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition
Standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals
Contains criteria for every psychiatric disorder
Changes to DSM

5. Psychological Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Phobias
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders

6. Feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.
Anxiety Disorders
Feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.
Generalized anxiety disorders
Phobias
Panic disorders
Obsessive-compulsive disorders
Post traumatic-stress disorder
OBJECTIVE 5| Define anxiety disorder, and explain how this condition differs from normal feelings of stress, tension, or uneasiness.

7. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms:
Persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and apprehension.
Autonomic arousal.
Inability to identify or avoid the cause of certain feelings.
OBJECTIVE 6| Contrast the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.

8. Anxiety Disorders: Phobia
Marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior.
OBJECTIVE 7| Explain how a phobia differs from fears we all experience.

9. Anxiety Disorder: Panic Disorder
Panic Disorder Symptoms: Minute-long episodes of intense dread which may include feelings of terror, chest pains, choking, or other frightening sensations. Anxiety is a component of both disorders. It occurs more in the panic disorder, making people avoid situations that cause it.

10. Anxiety Disorder: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Persistence of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions) that cause distress.
OBJECTIVE 8| Describe the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

11. Anxiety Disorder: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Four or more weeks of the following symptoms constitute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD):
Haunting memories
2. Nightmares
3. Social withdrawal
4. Jumpy anxiety
5. Sleep problems
Bettmann/ Corbis

12. Psychological Disorders
Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorders
Bipolar Disorder
Mood Disorder Explanation

13. Emotional extremes of mood disorders come in two principal forms.
Major depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder
OBJECTIVE 12| Define mood disorders, and contrast major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.

14. Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder
Depression is the “common cold” of psychological disorders.

15. Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder occurs when signs of depression last two weeks or more and are not caused by drugs or medical conditions.
Signs include:
Lethargy and fatigue
Feelings of worthlessness
Loss of interest in family & friends
Loss of interest in activities

16. Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder
Formerly called manic-depressive disorder. An alternation between depression and mania signals bipolar disorder.
Depressive Symptoms
Manic Symptoms
Gloomy
Elation
Withdrawn
Euphoria
Inability to make decisions
Desire for action
Tired
Hyperactive
Slowness of thought
Multiple ideas

17. Dissociative Disorder
Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
Symptoms
Having a sense of being unreal.
OBJECTIVE 11| Describe the symptoms of dissociative disorders, and explain why some critics are skeptical about dissociative identity disorder.
2. Being separated from the body.
3. Watching yourself as if in a movie.

18. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Is a disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities, formerly called multiple personality disorder.
Lois Bernstein/ Gamma Liason
Chris Sizemore (DID)

19. Schizophrenia
If depression is the common cold of psychological disorders, schizophrenia is the cancer.
Nearly 1 in a 100 suffer from schizophrenia, and throughout the world over 24 million people suffer from this disease
Schizophrenia strikes young people as they mature into adults. It affects men and women equally, but men suffer from it more severely than women.

20. Symptoms of Schizophrenia
The literal translation is “split mind.” A group of severe disorders characterized by the following:
Disorganized and delusional thinking.
Disturbed perceptions.
Inappropriate emotions and actions.
Delusions – false beliefs

21. Disturbed Perceptions
A schizophrenic person may perceive things that are not there (hallucinations). Frequently such hallucinations are auditory.
Photos of paintings by Krannert Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
August Natter, Witches Head. The Prinzhorn Collection, University of Heidelberg
L. Berthold, Untitled. The Prinzhorn Collection, University of Heidelberg

22. Subtypes

23. 7 year old with Schizophrenia

24. Personality Disorders
Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

25. Antisocial Personality Disorder
A disorder in which the person (usually men) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. Formerly, this person was called a sociopath or psychopath.