US 1 – MR.LIPMAN CHAPTER SEVEN THE AGE OF JACKSON & THE COMMON MAN

The “Corrupt Bargain” of main candidates in the election: – John Quincy Adams from Massachusetts – Henry Clay of Kentucky – Andrew Jackson of Tennessee All 4 campaigned as Republicans The Federalist party was dead

No candidate gets majority of electoral college

Adams elected by House thanks to Clay who is Speaker of House Clay then announced as secretary of state – Stepping stone to Presidency Jackson’s supporters charged Adams had bribed Clay with the office (the “corrupt bargain”)‏

The campaign of 1828 – Democratic-Republicans – Jackson presented as frontier man and commoner In reality he was a rich planter with slaves – Attacked Adams as corrupt rich man who had prevented the carrying out of people’s will in 1824 by his corrupt bargain.

Results of the election of 1828 – South and West went heavily for Jackson – Showed that new states in the west were becoming much more politically powerful

Jackson introduced spoils system to reward his supporters but it brought problems: – Men openly bought positions with campaign contributions – People who couldn’t read or were just incompetent were given jobs – Some crooks given jobs who stole money

Higher tariffs pushed by Jackson supporters in 1828 – Called “Tariff of Abominations” by southerners – South was most hurt by tariff North experienced boom in manufacturing West prospering from rising property values Old South was hurting – Forced to buy manufactured goods in market protected by tariffs

Nullification – Led by vice president John C. Calhoun who will become S.C. senator Wrote “The South Carolina Exposition” Argued Tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional and thus states could nullify its impact openly called for southern states to nullify the tariff

Compromise reached Tariff of 1833 reduced rates to be charged Force Bill passed at same time – Authorized president to use army and navy to collect federal tariff duties – Passed to assert that federal government was supreme, even if South Carolina compromised

The Trail of Tears 1828 – Georgia legislature declared Cherokee council illegal – wants their lands Cherokees appealed to Supreme Court & win their case – Jackson refused to recognize the decision “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.” – Jackson

Indian Removal Act passed (1830) – Thousands of Indians would die on forced marches – Sent to Oklahoma area, where they were to be “permanently” free from whites – Actual “trail” will take place winter with Van Buren as President

The Removal of Native Americans,

2 nd National Bank of US a big issue in 1832 – Private corp. & government owned 25% – President Nicholas Biddle had huge power – Clay and Webster work political “deal” in 1832 to re-new charter of Bank even though it doesn’t expire until 1836: Want to force Jackson to take a stand on bank politically

Jackson vetoes the bank bill – Increased power of president Says bank wanted to kill him but he will kill it. Eastern elites agreed with Clay that Jackson was acting like a dictator Many commoners agreed with Jackson’s opinions on the bank

Jackson kills the bank after winning re- election in 1832 – Removed federal deposits from Bank of US Bank slowly bled dry of money Biddle retaliates – calls in bank’s loans to cause a financial panic Jackson retaliates: – “pet banks” receive federal gov’t money Chosen because they supported Jackson – Pet banks and “wildcat” banks flooded market with worthless paper money

1836 –Jackson attempts to end speculation in Western land: – Specie – “hard” money; gold or silver – Required public lands be purchased with “hard” (gold or silver) money – Stopped boom based on land speculation in West and led to financial crash in 1837

How some saw Jackson “King Andrew the First”

Other Key Issues for Chapter 7 exam Missouri Compromise (3 parts) Erie Canal (When and Where) American System (“TNT” – CLAY) 1 ST Seven Presidents (in order) Monroe Doctrine & Adams-Onis Treaty John Marshall (McCulloch & Gibbons) – Federal Gov’t Supreme & Interstate Commerce