1. Age of Jackson Unit 4.1

2. 1828 Election Remember the 1824 election and the Corrupt Bargain? Jackson spent the next 4 years campaigning. New Voters due to property qualifications being removed. 3 times the number of voters in 1828 than in 1824. Universal Male Suffrage Politics more about “common man” Jackson defeats John Q. Adams

3. Emergence of new Party 2 nd Party System In 1828 election Democratic-Republicans split up. John Q. Adams – National Republicans Andrew Jackson – Democrat National Republicans become the Whig Party Whigs are coalition with main glue holding them together is that they are against Jackson. Although never elected as President, Whigs would basically follow the ideas of Henry Clay.

4. Drama in the Jackson White House Peggy Eaton Affair Wife of his Sec. of War Not accepted socially Jackson tried to force cabinet wives to accept her. (Jackson’s wife’s death plays into his feelings) Many in Cabinet resign as well as VP John C. Calhoun Kitchen Cabinet Jackson’s unofficial cabinet in which he followed

5. “To the victor goes the spoils” Spoils system – rewarding followers of the winner with gov’t jobs (even as low as Postmaster) Used before, but Jackson used it more extensively Critics claimed it promoted corruption Defenders claimed it made a system of rotation in office Jackson only allowed one term for democratic ideal that any one man was as good as another Side effect – Party Loyalty

6. King Jackson “Old Hickory” would be seen as the protector of the common man against the rich and privileged Followed Jefferson’s ideas of less gov’t spending Ironically Federal power would increase during his 8 years Jackson would use the veto more than any President before (12 times)

7. Indian Removal Acts Jackson signs laws that would move Tribes in the east to “Indian Territory” – Oklahoma Worcester v. Georgia (1832) – John Marshall would rule against movement. Jackson’s response – “Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.” Who did the people side with?

8. Civilized? 5 Civilized Tribes Cherokee Chickasaw Choctaw Creek Seminole Why named that? Sequoya Cherokee leader George Guess Creates constitution and written language.

9. Trail of Tears Army came to force Cherokees to move to the Indian territory 4,000 of the 15,000 would die on the way.

10. How did it effect Florida? 2 nd Seminole War Began outside of Fort King by Osceola Dade Battle (108 of 110 soldiers killed) Ft. Cooper Why couldn’t the U.S. Army defeat the Seminoles? How would they “win?” Costliest Indian War in U.S. History Seminoles never surrender (in all 3 wars) Those not captured, escaped to South Florida

11. Age of Clay? Henry Clay would promote his American System Protective Tariffs Bank of the U.S. Internal Improvements Basis of the Whig ideals.

12. Nullification Crisis 1828 Tariff – Tariff of Abomination Most hated parts of it. John C. Calhoun suggests nullification. Where does he get this idea? 1832 Tariff Compromise by Henry Clay, but S.C. still did not like it Southern Carolina Exposition – Nullifies law Force Act – Jackson will defend Federal law South Carolina backs down on Tariff, but nullifies Force Act

13. Bank War Jackson was against the B.U.S. Why? Felt it was against common man Personal reasons from 1819 Panic and Wildcat Banks Henry Clay pushes the Bank to be Rechartered four years early to use in his 1832 campaign. Jackson vetoes bill Bank War – Jackson moves money out of B.U.S. to his “pet banks” Nicholas Biddle (President of B.U.S) – “Czar Nicholas”

14. Clay vs. Jackson Maysville Road veto Why – officially and unofficially? 1832 Election Dem – Jackson Whig - Clay

15. State Rights or Federal Power Webster – Hayne Debate in Senate About B.U.S., Tariff, and Nullification Calhoun and Jackson opposing each other Jackson actually increase Federal Power as President

16. More Financial issue 2 nd Coinage Act (1834) – ratio of gold to silver – 1 to 16. Surplus 1835 to 1837 No National Debt for our only time in U.S. History in 1837 Specie Circular (1836) – all lands must be purchased with gold or silver – not paper money. Panic of 1837 – Recession would last 5 years Would Jackson be blamed for it? Who would?

17. Reflection Questions How is could it be said that the Age of Jackson is actually the Age of Clay? Although Jackson wanted to decrease government power, how did he actually increase it? Although Jackson was a defender of the common man, what groups of people was he not a defender of and how? How did the issues of Tariff, BUS, and Internal Improvements show the differences between the Whigs and Democrats?

18. Links http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGIx- OEadsg&list=UUZYs757tACChkS- vjS1m66Q&index=54&feature=plcp – review video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGIx- OEadsg&list=UUZYs757tACChkS- vjS1m66Q&index=54&feature=plcp http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kJmw3nzuB4 – Jackson bio http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kJmw3nzuB4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd12Wz6o_KI –Imperial President http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yd12Wz6o_KI http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears - Trail of Tears http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears