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Chapter 11 Medications and Drugs Lesson 11.1 Medications Lesson 11.2 Drugs Lesson 11.3 Drug Abuse and Addiction

Tuesday, October 6 “A” Day

Drugs and Medications Practice Team Test Work with your teammate to see what you already know about Drugs and Medications. We will assess your answers when everyone has completed the questions.

“The Top Ten Myths About Alcohol and Drugs” VIDEO

Lesson 11.1 Medications

Warm-Up Drug Use Give two examples of health problems that would cause people to use prescription drugs. What are some side effects that drug users might experience? Can prescription medications be abused like other drugs, such as cocaine or heroin?

Uses for Medications A medication is a substance used to treat disease or relieve pain Reasons people use medications To treat symptoms of an illness To cure a disease To manage a disease To prevent a disease shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

Food and Drug Administration After a company tests a new medication, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must then approve it The FDA also decides whether a medication should be sold with or without a doctor’s prescription shutterstock.com/bikeriderlondon

Over-the-Counter Medications Sold to people without a doctor’s prescription Purchased at local stores and pharmacies Used to treat the symptoms of many relatively minor health conditions shutterstock.com/PathDoc

Critical Thinking OTC Medications What are some commonly used OTC medications with which you are familiar? Do you use these medications? If yes, for what reasons? thinkstock.com/Stockbyte/Thinkstock Images

Prescription Medications Can only be sold to a person with a prescription from a doctor or other licensed healthcare professional Different types of prescription medications have different functions Antibiotics: kill or slow growth of bacteria. Anesthetics: eliminate or reduce pain Vaccinations: work with the body’s natural immune system to reduce risk of developing an infection or disease. shutterstock.com/AntonioDiaz

What are some different methods used to deliver medicine into the body? Pill, tablet, capsule, or liquid forms can be swallowed Drops, cream, or gel forms can be applied to a particular part of the body Transdermal patches can be placed on the skin Medications can be inhaled into your nose or mouth Medications can be injected directly into the body

Health Risks of Taking Medications All medications can have side effects Some medications cause health risks by interacting with other medications, foods, or drinks People can experience an adverse or allergic reaction to medication OTC medications may relieve symptoms but not treat the underlying cause of the symptoms Adverse effects may result from medication misuse

Medication Misuse Involves not following a medication’s instructions.

Medication Abuse The intentional use of medications for purposes other than those intended by the prescribing doctor Commonly abused prescription medications Opioids Depressants Stimulants shutterstock.com/SerialCoder

Medication Abuse Opiates are substances originating from the poppy plant, which contains opium. Opiods (synthetic opiates) are prescription medications typically prescribed to relieve pain. Depressants, also called sedatives or tranquilizers, are used to reduce anxiety and increase a person’s ability to relax and stay calm.

Medication Abuse Stimulants are medications used to increase energy, alertness, and attention. Prescription: ADHD OTC: energy pills and appetite supressants

Side Effects

Safe Strategies for Using Medications Instructions should include the following: How much of the medication to take How to take the medication (by mouth, through injection, by inhalation) How to store the medication How long to wait before taking more medication Possible side effects, such as dizziness or drowsiness Whether you should take this medication with food or drink Whether this medication interacts with other substances that should therefore be avoided.

Drug Facts

Carefully reading and following OTC and prescription medication instructions can help you avoid misuse and abuse of medications and reduce health risks. What are some other strategies for using medications safely? thinkstock.com/iStock/Anna Khomulo

The “Reward Pathway” Many psychoactive drugs trigger activity along a pathway of cells in the brain called the “reward pathway.” Brain cells along the activated reward pathway release a chemical called dopamine (DOH puh meen). The extra dopamine released during drug use can cause the user to ignore the harmful effects of the drug and want to continue using it. Flooding the reward pathway with dopamine may lead to intense cravings for the drug. After a time, drug abuse can dull the brain’s reactions to natural levels of dopamine.

How Drugs Affect the Brain Area of the brain’s “reward pathway”

How Drugs Affect the Brain Area of the brain’s “reward pathway”

How Drugs Affect the Brain Area of the brain’s “reward pathway”

Addiction Abuse of psychoactive drugs may result in addiction. Addiction is the compulsive use of a drug, despite any cost to health, family, or social standing. Addiction is a disease that changes the structure and chemistry of the brain.

Dangers of Drug Misuse and Abuse Drugs can produce powerful changes in the body. But when drugs are misused or abused, many serious health effects can result.

Prescription Drug Abuse http://www.drugfreeworld.org/real-life-stories/prescription-drug-use.html

Wednesday, April 15 “B” Day

Lesson 1 Review List four main reasons people use medications Which government agency is responsible for making sure medications are safe to use? What are the three most commonly abused prescription medications? List three side effects that may occur as a result of stimulant use.

Lesson 1 Review Answers Treat symptoms of an illness, cure a disease, manage a disease, prevent a disease. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Opioids, Depressants, Stimulants Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased quality of sleep, decreased appetite, apathy, depression

The Truth About Drugs Why do people use drugs? http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/the-truth-about-drugs.html

Lesson 11.2 Drugs

Drugs The word drugs refers to substances that cause a physical or psychological change in the body Most drugs are illegal and can be very dangerous shutterstock.com/vidguten

Marijuana Marijuana is a drug made up of dried parts of the Cannabis plant Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe A number of states allow adults with a doctor’s prescription to legally buy and use marijuana Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

What are some side effects of marijuana use? Distorted perceptions Poor coordination Difficulty thinking and solving problems Problems with learning and memory Cardiovascular problems Respiratory problems

Cocaine A white powder that comes from the leaves of a coca plant Can be snorted, injected, or smoked Side effects include Increased heart rate High blood pressure Headache Abdominal pain Paranoia Heart attack or stroke http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/cocaine.html shutterstock.com/Jason Swalwell

Friday, April 17 “B” Day Drug Facts Computer Lab to finish “Drug Research Project”

Crystal Meth A manufactured form of methamphetamine Can be smoked, snorted, or injected Side effects include Erratic and violent behavior Homicidal and suicidal thoughts Severe anxiety and paranoia Tooth decay and cracked teeth http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/crystalmeth.html Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

Bath salts are manufactured drugs that contain a stimulant called methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). What are some side effects of bath salts? Paranoia Chest pains Headaches Nausea Hallucinations Increased heart rate and blood pressure Suicidal thoughts Death http://safeshare.tv/w/ElmqgTCHly

Hallucinogens Drugs that change a person’s perception of reality http://www.drugfreeworld.org/real-life-stories/lsd.html Drugs that change a person’s perception of reality LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) Mescaline Psilocybin PCP (phencyclidine) MDMA (meth, “Molly” or “ecstasy”) http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/ecstasy.html Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

Heroin Heroin is an opiate derived from morphine—a substance found in poppy plants People who use heroin often develop a dependency on the drug Heroin can have dangerous side effects http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/heroin.html Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

2nd period April 20

4th period April 20

6th period April 20

Monday, April 20 “C” Day

Spice (“Synthetic Marijuana”) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/10/spice-k2-potpourri-california_n_3254149.html http://spiceaddictionsupport.org/what-is-spice/

Club drugs have no serious side effects. Myth or Fact? Club drugs have no serious side effects. MYTH Fact: Depending on the drug, side effects can include memory loss, impaired attention, delirium, intense drowsiness, coma, and death. Fact: These drugs can also be addictive and have unpleasant withdrawal effects.

Anabolic Steroids Some people use anabolic steroids illegally to help them gain strength and increase muscle size Using anabolic steroids can cause serious side effects, including stunted growth in adolescents http://safeshare.tv/w/mRHLoAzhMG Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

Inhalants Chemicals that people breathe in to experience some type of high Liquids (paint thinners, glue) Aerosols (spray paints, vegetable oil sprays) Gases (butane lighters) Nitrites (butyl and amyl nitrites) Can cause hypoxia and other serious side effects http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/inhalants.html shutterstock.com/Monkey Business Images

The Impact of Drugs on the Brain Drugs contain chemicals that change the way nerve cells in the brain send, receive, and process information Many drugs cause the brain to release abnormally large amounts of dopamine Larger and larger amounts of the drug are required to achieve the same good feelings This contributes to drug abuse

Drug Abuse People who abuse drugs often experience many negative health consequences Engaging in unsafe behaviors Contracting an infectious disease Being involved in an accident Overdosing shutterstock.com/Tom Wang

Critical Thinking Drug Abuse Besides health problems, what are some other negative consequences of drug abuse? shutterstock.com/Marjan Apostolovic

Can this friendship be saved? Read through the opening paragraph to get background information on David and Jay. Take turns at your table group having one person read the scenario to the group. Have one person be the recorder of your response to: “Why you think their friendship can or cannot be saved.”

Drug Abuse and Addiction Lesson 11.3 Drug Abuse and Addiction

Drug Addiction A chronic disease that involves ongoing use of a drug regardless of harmful effects Physical addiction: the body requires the drug to function normally Psychological addiction: feeling an intense need or desire for a drug shutterstock.com/Alexander Raths

Risk Factors for Drug Abuse A person’s genetic makeup is related to drug addiction Self-medicating puts people at risk of developing drug addictions Drug use at an early age makes a person more likely to become addicted A person’s environment has an impact on his or her attitude toward drugs shutterstock.com/auremar

Strategies for Refusing Drugs Knowing how to respond and what to say if someone offers you drugs can help you avoid them Let others know that you expect them to respect your decision to not try drugs shutterstock.com/Photographee.eu

The Broader Impact of Drugs The problems of drug abuse negatively impact friends and family Drug abuse is costly for society Healthcare costs Criminal system costs Unemployment Homelessness thinkstock.com/Fuse

Prevention of Drug Abuse Drug addiction is a preventable disease People who never try drugs cannot abuse them Educating people about the hazards of drug use can help prevent drug abuse shutterstock.com/karen roach

What types of programs are available to help treat drug abuse and addiction? Residential treatment programs Outpatient treatment programs Skills-training programs Support groups Sober living communities

Helping Those Addicted to Drugs Express your concern Offer to help the person find help Attend a meeting of a group that provides support to relatives and friends Give the person the number of a help hotline shutterstock.com/ValentinT shutterstock.com/Syda Productions