Chapter 24 Section 1

 Giuseppe Marconi  Camillo di Cavour  Giuseppe Garibaldi  Red shirts  Victor Emmanuel

 Prince Metternich wanted to maintain old Europe  15 years later Metternich said old Europe is nearing the end  Nationalism a growing force during the 1800’s

 Fostered by some of the decisions made at the Congress  Congress created political boundaries  They ignored national groups  Placed group under control of large empires

 Some had different ethnic groups  Austria empire home to  Croats  Czechs  Germans  Hungarians  Italians  Poles  Serbs  Slovenes

 Italians split into three groups  Much of northern Italy under Austrian rule  Some Italian states under Hapsburg rule  Some under French Rule  Italian nationalism grew under opposition to this rule

Artists,, writers, thinkers celebrate Italy’s traditions Italians in Austria formed secret societies Plotting overthrow of Austrian government 1831 Giuseppe Mazzini helped launch the group Young Italy

Fight for the unification of Italian states He had been exiled for being outspoken Smuggled patriotic pamphlets into Italy Mazzini believed Europe needed to redraw the lines set by the Congress of Vienna

 Mazzini attracted tens of thousands of Italians  Italy ready to unite behind a strong national leader

 Nationalists revolutions spread throughout Europe in 1848  State of Piedmont declared war against Austria and was defeated  1849 Revolutionaries seized Rome

 French troops helped Pope regain control  Sardinia was the only successful revolution

 Camillo di Cavour- leader for Italian reunification  Thought Italian nationalist movement was strong enough to unite Italy  Founded nationalist newspaper Il Risorgimento ( rebirth)

 1852  Cavour becomes prime minister  Believe thriving economy was important  Believed Italy should be a monarchy  Supported France in its war with Russia

 France supported them with the war with Austria  1860 northern Italian states were liberated from Austria

 Giuseppe Garibaldi- was called the sword of Italy  1833 joined the Young Italy movement  Learned guerilla warfare from his exile in South America  Returned to Italy in 1854

 Named after their colorful uniforms  Using guerilla warfare gained control of Sicily in 1860  Cavour annexed territory in central Italy  1870 French forced to withdraw troops from Rome

 Italian troops enter Rome  Italy unified  King Victor Emanuel their leader

 Strong regional differences led to lack of unity  Italians resented being governed by Rome  Rome became new capitol in 1871  Catholic church did not recognize Italy as a legitimate nation

 Pope prohibited Catholics from voting  Poverty was a serious problem  Rising taxes led to revolts  Poverty led Italians to emigrate

 At the time of unification only the wealthiest men could vote  As Italy industrialized reforms were passed  Limiting working hours  Prohibiting child labor  Built transportation and water systems  Encouraged industry

 1882 Italy formed a military alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany  Would defend each other if attacked  This alliance brought most of Europe into war in 1914

 Tried to gain control of Ethiopia  1896 defeated by Ethiopian army  1911 Italy declare war on the Ottoman Empire  Italy gained territory in Africa