1. World History Chapter 10 Section 3 Unifying Italy
November 7, 2013
Woodridge High School
Mr. Bellisario

2. Lesson Objectives List the key obstacles to Italian Unification
Understand what roles Count Camillo Cavour and Guiseppe Garibadi played in the struggle for Italy.
Describe the challenges that faced the new nation of Italy.

3. Italian Peninsula
People of the Italian peninsula spoke the same language, but had not had political unity since Roman times.

4. Key obstacles to Italian unity
People loyal to regions
Florence> Tuscans
Venice> Venetians
Naples> Neapolitans

5. Congress of Vienna
Austria – most of northern Italy, nationalists tried to expel Austrians from northern Italy
Hapsburg monarchs (Austrians) ruled other Italian states
French Bourbon ruler in charge of Naples & Sicily

6. Giuseppe Mazzini
Founded nationalist group, Young Italy, a secret society
Nicknamed The Beating Heart of Italy
Goal – free independent, united republican Italy
1849, set up revolutionary republic in Rome – put down by French forces

7. Italian Unity
Count Camillo Cavour& Giuseppe Garibaldi work for Italian unity
1848, Risorgimento, Italian nationalist movement
Created Kingdom of Sardinia with King Victor Emmanuel II

8. Changes under Victor Emmanuel II
1852 Victor Emmanuel II named Count Camillo Cavour as prime minister
Much like Bismarck – crafty politician, believed in Realpolitik
Reformed Sardinia’s economy
Improved agriculture
Built railroads
Encouraged commerce through free trade

9. Crimean War
1855, joined Britain & France in Crimean War vs. Russia

10. Secret Agreement 1858, Cavour made a secret deal with Napoleon III
Napoleon III promised to help Sardinia if Sardinia went to war with Austria
With help from France, defeated Austria & annexed Lombardy
Other Northern Italian states joined with Sardinia

11. Uniting the Kingdom of Two Sicilies
Guiseppe Garibaldi was working to unite Kingdom of Two Sicilies with other Italian states
Accepted aide from Cavour
1860 Garibaldi had force of 1000 Red Shirts
Won control of Sicily quickly
Marched north to Naples

12. Unifying the rest of Italy
Cavour sent troops to stop Garibaldi, troops joined Garibaldi & his Red Shirts – over ran the Papal States
1861 Garabaldi turned over Naples & Sicily to Victor Emmanuel II
Victor Emmanuel II was crowned king of a united Italy
1861, Italy acquired Venetia after Austro-Prussian War
1870, Italy forced France from Rome, during Franco-Prussian War.

13. Challenges Faced by the new Italian Nation
Italy had no tradition of unity
Regional differences
North – richer, & more cities; South – rural & poor
Italy & Roman Catholic Church
Popes resented seizure of Papal States & Rome; relations were hostile
Urged Italian Catholics not to cooperate with government
Late 1800’s
socialists organized strikes
Anarchists (people who want to abolish government) sabotage & violence
Government slowly extended suffrage to more men & passed laws for social reform

14. Economic reform in Italy
Slow to develop industrially
Lacked natural resources
Population explosion – relieved through emigration (movement away from homeland) to U.S., Canada & Latin America