1. Italian Unification The Coliseum Leaning Tower of Pisa Venice Verona

2. A Brief History of Italy
Last time Italy was united was before the fall of the Roman Empire!
For hundred of years Italy was separate states with different governments
When Napoleon invaded Italy he tried to unite the country and failed
The Congress of Vienna divides Italy again
Congress of Vienna creates political boundaries that ignore national/ethnic groups
Many Italians are governed by Austria and hate it!

4. Stirrings of Nationalism
Nationalism spread by writing and music
Giuseppe Verdi - composes operas
Giuseppe Mazzini - leader of Young Italy
Verdi
Verdi - his operas inspire unification, most famous = “Nabucco”, his operas become a type of national anthem
Mazzini - exiled because of nationalistic ideas, famous for smuggling patriotic pamphlets into Italy, many young Italians follow (Young Italy = 1831)
Mazzini

5. The Path Toward Unity
= many unsuccessful attempts to unify through rebellion
Camillo di Cavor - Il Risorgimento
Cavor becomes prime minister of independent Kingdom of Sardinia and creates and alliance with France to overthrow Austria

6. Unifying Italy Giuseppe Garibalidi Joins Young Italy 1833
Establishes “Red Shirts”
controls southern peninsula
total unification
Exiled twice and learns guerilla warfare in South America

8. Challenges After Unification
Social and economic problems
Poverty+unemployment+ taxes = violent riots
Catholic Church does not see Italy as legit nation
1880s - Italians begin to move to America
Voting reforms
Begin to industrialize
Triple Alliance
Political unification does not imply other types of unification
Most adult males can vote
Northern Italy industrializes - limit work hours, child labor laws, improve transportation
Triple Alliance - Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary
Important