1. Section 1: The Unification of Italy
CHAPTER 16
Nationalism in Europe
Section 1: The Unification of Italy
Objectives
Describe the events that led to nationalist movements for unification in Italy.
Identify the important leaders in the fight for the unification of Italy.
Explain the problems Italy faced after unification.

2. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
16.1 Bell Ringer: What were Cavour’s options for preventing Garibaldi from taking power?
Problem:
Garibaldi could take power from Cavour
Option 1
Option 2
attack Garibaldi
allow Garibaldi to take power
Advantage:
Advantage:
Disadvantage:
Disadvantage:

3. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
Ideals of the French Revolution
United under Napoleon

4. Austria ruled Lombardy and Venetia.
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The Unification of Italy
Austria ruled Lombardy and Venetia.
Congress of Vienna divided Italy into several large & small states.

5. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
Despite this, nationalism continued to grow…

6. Risorgimento The Unification of Italy SECTION 1
Early 1800s, thinkers & writers tried to revive interest in Italy’s traditions …
Risorgimento
Goals?
LIBERATION
UNIFICATION

7. Carbonari The Unification of Italy SECTION 1
Nationalists could not work openly and had to form secret societies.

8. Mazzini The Unification of Italy SECTION 1
“neither pope nor king” but rather a republic.

9. Young Italy The Unification of Italy SECTION 1
…the first Italian democratic movement embracing all social classes – wealthy, intellectuals, farmers, students, workers…
…by 1833 there were 60,000 members

10. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
1848 – revolts in various Italian states – they overthrow Austrian rule in Lombardy & Venetia.
In 1849 the revolutionaries seized Rome, setting up a republic governed by Mazzini and two other leaders.
His rule was short-lived. The pope appealed to Catholic countries for help, and a French army landed in Italy; after heroic resistance, the republic was crushed, and Mazzini left Rome.

11. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
The revolts of failed. Only the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont-Sardinia) remained a completely independent state.

12. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
Italian nationalists had little success . . .
Conservatives = federation of Italian states ruled by the pope Liberals = a constitutional monarchy under Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia

13. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
Camillo Cavour chief minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Wanted Sardinia to lead the way in uniting Italy

14. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
Austria was the greatest barrier in Italian unification.
The Two Players ….
Cavour
Napoleon III

15. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy

16. Guiseppe Garibaldi 1854 Red Shirts
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The Unification of Italy
Guiseppe Garibaldi 1854 Red Shirts

17. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
“Expedition of the Thousand”

18. The Unification of Italy
Visual Source
The Unification of Italy

19. The Unification of Italy
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The Unification of Italy
In the fall of 1860 Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel met in Naples.

20. Unification and Its Problems
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The Unification of Italy
Unification and Its Problems
Little experience with self-gov’t
Cultural differences divided the country
Tensions between industrialized north and agricultural south
Standard of living was very low
Labor problems

21. The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy

22. The Unification of Italy
Visual Sources
The Unification of Italy

23. The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy
The Right Leg in the Boot at Last!!
Garibaldi:"If it won't go on Sire, try a little powder." (as in GUNpowder)

24. The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy
Carbonari
Cavour
Republic Young Italy movement
Risorgimento
Victor Emmanuel Garibaldi Cavour dealing with Austria Sardinia’s war with Austria Unification efforts after 1848 revolutions Mazzini

25. The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy

26. The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy
Punch 27 Oct 1860
Garibaldi asking Victor Emmanuel if he will carry on the ‘game’ for Italy while on the left Pope Pius IX realizes he has a weak hand. On the right King Francis II of Naples sees himself losing his crown.

27. The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy

28. The Unification of Italy
Political Cartoon
The Unification of Italy
This Harper's Weekly cartoon glorifies Giuseppe Garibaldi, the military leader of the Italian independence and unification movement, as a liberator of the Italian people from their oppressive rulers.  He appears as Perseus, the mythical Greek hero who rescued Princess Andromeda (here, Sicily) from a sea monster (here, "Bomba," King Ferdinand II of Sicily). 

29. The Unification of Italy
SECTION 1
The Unification of Italy
Problem:
Garibaldi could take power from Cavour
Option 1
Option 2
attack Garibaldi
allow Garibaldi to take power
Advantage:
Advantage:
reasserts the leadership of Sardinia
increases likelihood of taking northern Italy from Austria
Disadvantage:
Disadvantage:
decreases likelihood of capturing northern Italy
gives Emmanuel II’s power to Garibaldi