Continuous Glucose Monitors Emily Ensom Biomedical Engineering

What is Glucose? a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates Diabetics have trouble controlling these sugar levels, meaning they have to constantly check their levels to assure they are in a healthy zone

What is Type One Diabetes? Type one diabetes is a disease, often called juvenile diabetes, that affects the pancreas The pancreas produces little to no insulin, and the body’s immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This makes patients need to constantly need to regulate their glucose levels Donate To JDRF Today | JDRF.org. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2015.

Patients with Type One Diabetes Because of this disease patients must constantly prick their fingers in order monitor their glucose levels Type 1 Diabetes Vaccine Shows Promise In Small Trial. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2015.

A Solution A way to solve the problem many diabetics face with constant finger pricking is a continuous glucose monitor This will help limit the amount of time patients have to prick themselves

Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Continuous glucose monitoring enables real-time glucose display and real-time alarms This can help improve glycemic control and quality of life in patients with diabetes Dehennis, A., & Mortellaro, M. (2015, July 29). Multisite Study of an Implanted Continuous Glucose Sensor Over 90 Days in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Retrieved September 25, 2015.

SAP Therapy One method of continuous glucose monitoring is sap therapy Insulin pump therapy combined with real-time continuous glucose monitoring, known as sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAP) umminia, A., Sciacca, L., Frittitta, L., Squatrito, S., Vigneri, R., Le Moli, R., & Tomaselli, L. (2015). Integrated insulin pump therapy with continuous glucose monitoring for improved adherence: technology update. Patient Preference and Adherence, 9, 1263–1270. http://doi.org.uri.idm.oclc.org/10.2147/PPA.S69482

SAP Therapy The sensor helps diabetics monitor their glucose levels without constant finger pricking   Advanced functions such as bolus profiles, bolus calculators and threshold-suspend features come with this device

SAP Therapy Incorrect expectations, usually closed loop systems Potential Barriers Solutions Incorrect expectations, usually closed loop systems Discomfort from insertion Low accuracy Become more educated in the system Use correct insertion techniques Proper calibration and cleansing methods umminia, A., Sciacca, L., Frittitta, L., Squatrito, S., Vigneri, R., Le Moli, R., & Tomaselli, L. (2015). Integrated insulin pump therapy with continuous glucose monitoring for improved adherence: technology update. Patient Preference and Adherence, 9, 1263–1270. http://doi.org.uri.idm.oclc.org/10.2147/PPA.S69482

Implanted Glucose Sensors Devices that are implanted into the subcutaneous layer of the tissue Detect and send blood sugar levels to monitoring device Last in body for typically 5-7 days Giani, E., Scaramuzza, A. E., & Zuccotti, G. V. (2015). Impact of new technologies on diabetes care. World Journal of Diabetes, 6(8), 999–1004. http://doi.org.uri.idm.oclc.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i8.999

New Trial Patients implanted with sensor for 90 days Implanted by doctor Tested glucose rates for each meal with sensor through a smart app and related that to the rate taken using finger pricking methods

91% of sensor measurements were calculated to be within 20 mg/dl for reference glucose measurements of ≤ 70 mg/dl, 86% of sensor data were within 20% of reference glucose measurements between 71- 180 mg/dl, and 88% of sensor data were within 20% of reference glucose measurements > 180 mg/dl. Dehennis, A., & Mortellaro, M. (2015, July 29). Multisite Study of an Implanted Continuous Glucose Sensor Over 90 Days in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Retrieved September 25, 2015 Sensor Accuracy

Implanted Sensors Lowers amount of finger pricking Advantages Disadvantages Lowers amount of finger pricking Lowers risk of infection Easier to maintain healthier levels Stays in body for longer periods of time Needs daily calibration Must be implanted by doctor Accuracy still is not perfected Must be removed by doctor

Advancements New technologies are changing the world Soon even more sensors and systems will be created to make life better and easier for patients with diabetes

Any Questions?