Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernicus (Polish astronomer) challenged Ptolemy’s theories Heliocentric Theory (earth, stars and other planets rotate around the sun) Johannes Kepler added to Copernicus thoeries Using math, proved that planets do move around the sun Planets revolved in elliptical orbits

Galileo Galileo challenges classical ideas With a telescope, he supported Copernicus ideas Problem, it was a major conflict with the Catholic Church The church forced him to publicly to deny his findings

Isaac Newton Late 1600’s, Newton used Copernicus, Kepler & Galileo ideas and combined them into 1 theory All objects are affected by the same force (gravity) Gravity keeps planets revolving around the sun It also keeps people from flying off the earth’s surface Known as Universal Gravitation

Medicine William Harvey published accurate description how blood moves through the body Based it on human dissections The heart was what pumped blood through the body (not the liver)

Inventions In 1670, Dutch scientist named Anton van Leeuwenhoek builds a microscope Observed bacteria in fluids Viewed blood flow through blood vessels called capillaries

Inventions 1600’s Galileo invented the thermometer 1714 German scientist Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit made the first mercury thermometer Showed water froze at 32 degrees and boiled at 212 degrees

Inventions In 1643, Evangelista Torricelli invented the barometer Measures the pressure of the Earth’s atmosphere Today used to predict the weather

2 Philosophers who changed the way of thinking Rene Descartes Francis Bacon

Rene Descartes Believed that every idea should be doubted until it had be proven through reason “I think, therefore I am” God created two realities Physical Reality Mind Reality (what people think) People could use their rational minds to understand the world

Francis Bacon Believed people should use experiments & observation to understand the world Scientific Method Observe & describe the subject Form a hypothesis Test the hypothesis Interpreting results to draw a conclusion

Scientific Rationalism By the 1700’s the ideas of scientific rationalism had begun to erode the power of the Catholic church Encouraged people to think for themselves Political thinkers would use scientific rationalism in looking at government This would plant the seeds for democracy