1. Scientific Reading Answers

2. 1.) What were the key ideas of the Renaissance? Think for yourself; solve problems using reason and logic

3. 2.) What was the Reformation? Change within the Catholic Church

4. 3.) How did the Renaissance help bring about the Reformation? Introduced new ideas that helped people make decisions for themselves and not rely on the Church

5. 4.) How did Galilei disprove Aristotle’s description of falling objects? What did Galileo prove to be truth? Dropped two objects and proved that objects fall at the same rate

6. 5.) What were the main sources for European knowledge about the natural world during the Middle Ages? Bible and Teachings of Aristotle

7. 6.) What were some of the sources that helped start the Scientific Revolution? Ancient texts from Muslim land; Explorers

8. 7.) Describe the geocentric world view of the Middle Ages. List some of the problems with the geocentric theory. Geocentric- Earth is center of the universe; hard to explain the movements of planets

9. 8.) Who developed the heliocentric theory? What was the heliocentric theory? Copernicus; Heliocentric- Sun is center of the universe

10. 9.) How did Kepler improve on Copernicus’s theory? Figured out the orbits of the planets were ellipses not circles

11. 10.) What did Galileo see through his telescope the convinced him to support the Copernican (heliocentric) theory? The moon and Venus pass through phases of visibility

12. 11.) How did Galileo help spread the idea of heliocentrism? Published a book

13. 12.) Why and how did the Catholic Church attack Galieleo’s writing? Brought him to trial and forced him to swear he was wrong

14. 13.) Explain Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity. What was his most famous book and when was is published? All objects had a force of attraction between them. The strength depends of the mass of the objects and distance between them. Principia 1687

15. 14.) What belief did Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon share? Scientific Method

16. 15.) What are the steps of the Scientific Method? State a Problem, Form a hypothesis, Experiment, Data and observations, Analyze conclusion

17. 16.) What were three key inventions of the Scientific Revolution? List the inventor, year and purpose of each. Microscope- mid 1600s by Leeuwenhoek to make small objects appear bigger Barometer- 1640s by Torricelli to measure change in atmospheric pressure Thermometer- 1700s by Fahrenheit to measure temperature