Joints, Palpations, & ROM Foot and Ankle Joints, Palpations, & ROM

Joints: A synovial joint, also known as a diarthrosis , is the most common and most movable type of joint in the body Other types: Fibruous and Cartlaginous Main structural differences between synovial and fibrous joints are capsules surrounding the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint and the presence of lubricating synovial fluid within those capsules (synovial cavities).

Joints Toes and Metatarsals: Interphalangeal joints: These joints connect the phalanges. They’re synovial joints strengthened by collateral and plantar ligaments, and they let you flex and extend your toes. Metatarsophalangeal joints: They allow you to flex and extend your toes as well as move them apart and closer together. Intermetatarsal joints Tarsometatarsal joints Cuboideonavicular joints

joints Foot: These two joints allow you to invert and evert the foot Subtalar joint: This joint is the posterior joint formed between the talus and the calcaneus. It’s a synovial joint, and it’s stabilized by medial, lateral, and interosseous talocalcaneal ligaments. Transverse tarsal joint: The transverse tarsal joint is actually a combination of the following two joints: Talocalcaneonavicular joint Calcaneocuboid

Subtalar Joint

Transverse Tarsal Joint

Joints Ankle: The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint, so you can plantarflex and dorsiflex The ankle joint is made up of distal ends of the tibia and fibula

ROM Toes Ankle Flexion/extension Abduction/Adduction Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion Inversion/eversion Circumduction

ROM

What to palpate – Bony Landmarks From distal to proximal: Distal Phalangeals Heads of the Metatarsals Styloid process of fifth metatarsal Sinus Tarsi - soft tissue depression just anterior to the lateral malleolus. (Sinus Tarsi is filled with EDB & fat pad) Medial and Lateral Malleoli Head of the Talus Calcaneous Shaft of the Tibia and Fibula Head of the fibula Tibial Tuberosity

What to Palpate – Muscles and Tendons Gastrocnemius Soleus Achilles Tendon Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus

Palpations - Foot

How to palpate “Palpate with a purpose” Head of Talus - felt just behind the navicular, by everting & inverting the midfoot. Sustentaculum Tali - one fingerbreadth below medial malleolus. (serves as an attachment for the spring ligament & supports the talus); can be painful when palpated

Palpations - Ankle

In class… Pair off and palpate 3 different people’s foot and ankle Identify bones and ligaments Continue to work on foot diagram if needed

What you need to know for the exam Where to Palpate specific bones/ligaments ALL ROM

Homework Color pages 4 and 5 in the packet