1. Anlkle joint
D.Rania Gabr
D.Sama.
D.Elsherbiny

2. Phalanges Metatarsals Cuneiform bones Cuboid Navicular Tarsal bones
Talus N C
Cuboid
Calcaneus
Metatarsals
Cuneiform bones
Cuboid
Navicular
Tarsal bones
Talus
Calcaneus

3. Sesamoid bone
Sustentaculum tali
Medial tubercle
Lateral tubercle

4. Ankle joint
Planter-
flexion
Dorsi-
flexion

5. Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint
Calcaneo cuboid joint
Subtaler joint
Eversion
Inversion

7. ANKLE JOINT
Anterior view
Lateral view

8. Type & Articular Surfaces
TYPE: synovial, hinge joint.
ARTICULAR SURFACES:
UPPER:
A socket formed by: Lateral malleolus. the lower end of tibia & medial malleolus.
LOWER:
Body of talus.

9. Ligaments MEDIAL (DELTOID) LIGAMENT: A strong triangular ligament.
Apex: attached to medial malleolus.
Base: subdivided into 4 parts:
Anterior tibiotalar part.
Tibionavicular part.
Tibiocalcaneal part.
Posterior tibiotalar part. 1 4 3 2
LATERAL LIGAMENT:
Composed of 3 separate ligaments
Anterior talofibular ligament.
Calcaneofibular ligament.
Posterior talofibular ligament. 3 1 2

12. Movements DORSIFLEXION:
Performed by muscles of anterior compartment of leg (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus & peroneus tertius).
PLANTERFLEXION:
Initiated by soleus.
Maintained by gastrocnemius.
Assisted by other muscles in posterior compartment of leg (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus & flexor hallucis longus) + muscles of lateral compartment of leg (peroneus longus & peroneus brevis).

14. Joints of the Foot Subtalar Joint:
Articular surface: between the talus and calcaneus.
Movement: inversion and eversion of the foot.

15. 2. Talocalcaneonavicular joint
Type: synovial ball and socket.
3. Calcaneocuboid Joint:
Type: synovial, plane joint
4. Talocalcanean Joint:
Type: Synovial, plane variety.

17. Extensor Retinaculum Superior extensor Inferior retinaculum extensor
Tom……..
Has……..
Very……
Nice….
Dog…..
&
Pig
Tom……..
Has……..
Very……
Nice….
Dog…..
&
Pig

18. Peroneal Retinacula
P.B
P.L

19. Flexor retinaculum
Tom……..
Dose……..
Very……
Nice….
Hat…..

20. Arches of the Foot

24. Arches of the Foot 1. Longitudinal Arch: is divided into two parts:
Medial arch.
Lateral arch.
Medial longitudinal arch:
Function: Important in the process of walking and running.
Lateral longitudinal arch:
Function: important in supporting the body weight,
2. Transverse Arch:
Function: Protection of the soft tissue of the sole of the foot during standing or walking.
Factors maintaining the arches of the foot:
Shape of the bones.
Long tendons of the foot:
Ligaments of the joints of the foot:
Planter aponeurosis:
Superficial fascia:
Flat foot: loss of the arches of the foot.
Causes: ??