1. Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot
Ms. Bowman

2. Bones of the Ankle and Lower Leg
Tibia
Medial malleolus
Fibula
Lateral malleolus
Talus
Tibia and Fibula are held together by the interosseous membrane

3. Joints of the Ankle and Foot
Talocrural joint- tibia, fibula, and talus
Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
Subtalar joint-talus and calcaneus
Inversion and eversion

4. Phalanges Toes Numbered 1-5 from medial to lateral
1st phalanx is composed of a proximal and distal phalange
2-5 have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

5. Metatarsals Composes the midfoot portion of the foot
Numbered 1-5 from medial to lateral
Between tarsals and phalanges

6. Tarsals There are 7 tarsal bones Each one is named separately
Medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms-begin medially and go to the middle of the foot
Navicular-medial aspect
Cuboid-lateral aspect
Talus-between tibia and fibula
Calcaneus-heel

8. Metatarsals

9. Calcaneus

10. Phalanges

11. Navicular

12. Cuboid

13. Talus

14. Medial Cuneiform

15. Intermediate Cuneiform

16. Lateral Cuneiform

17. Medial Ligaments Deltoid Ligament- Compilation of 4 ligaments
Anterior tibiotalor ligament
Tibionavicular ligament
Tibiocalcaneal ligament
Posterior tibiotalor ligament
One of the strongest ligaments in the body

18. Lateral Ligaments Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament

19. Anterior and Posterior Ligaments
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior tibiofibular ligament

20. Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament

21. Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament

22. Anterior Talofibular Ligament

23. Calcaneofibular Ligament

24. Posterior Talofibular Ligament

25. Anterior Tibiotalor Ligament

26. Tibionavicular Ligament

27. Tibiocalcaneal Ligament

28. Posterior Tibiotalor Ligament

29. MUSCLES

31. Muscles of the Ankle and Lower Leg
Ankle dorsiflexion (anterior)
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Tibialis anterior
Ankle plantarflexion (superficial posterior)
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Ankle inversion (deep posterior)
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Ankle eversion (lateral)
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis

32. Tibialis Anterior-A
Origin- proximal half of lateral and anterior surface of tibia
Insertion- medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
Action- dorsiflexion, inversion

33. Extensor Digitorum and Extensor Hallucis -A
Origin- anterior surface of fibula
Insertion- phalanges, great toe
Action- extends phalanges, extends great toe

34. Fibularis Muscles-L Origin- lateral surface of fibula
Insertion- bases of 1st and 5th metatarsals
Action- eversion

35. Gastrocnemius- SP Origin- medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion- posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles Tendon
Action- plantar flexion, knee flexion

36. Soleus- SP Origin- superior posterior surfaces of tibia and fibula
Insertion- posterior calcaneus via Achilles Tendon
Action- plantar flexion

37. Tibialis Posterior- DP
Origin- posterior surface of tibia and fibula
Insertion- tarsal bones
Action- inversion, plantar flexion

38. Flexor Digitorum and Flexor Hallucis- DP
Origin- posterior surface of tibia, posterior fibula
Insertion- plantar surface of phalanges, plantar surface of great toe
Action- flexes phalanges, flexes great toe