1. Ankle and Foot Tiffany, Brian, Marc

2. Tibiofibular Ligaments
Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament
Attaches the Anterior Distal Tibia to the anterior Distal Fibula
Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament
Attaches posterior tibia
to the posterior fibula

3. Extensor Retinacula
Goes across the ankle and attaches medially to the tibia and laterally to the fibula.

4. Plantar Ligaments Long Plantar Ligament
Goes from calcaneus to 2- 4 metatarsels
Short Plantar
Goes off the side of the long plantar ligament

5. Plantar Aponeurosis
Goes over the long and short plantar ligaments

6. Interrosseous ligament
Runs between the tibia and the fibula

7. Plantaris O-Posterior lateral condyle of femur I-Posterior calcaneus
A-Weak assist in knee flex; ankle plantar flexion
IN-Tibial nerve, popliteal artery

8. O-Lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
Tibialis Anterior
O-Lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
I-1st Cuneiform and metatarsal
A-Ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
IN-Deep peroneal nerve; Anterior tibial artery

9. O-Interosseous membrane; adjacent tibia and fibula
Tibialis Posterior
O-Interosseous membrane; adjacent tibia and fibula
I-Navicular and most tarsels and metatarsels
A-Ankle inversion; assists in plantarflexion
IN-Tibial nerve ; Fibular artery

10. Peroneus Longus O-Lateral proximal fibula and interosseous membrane
I-Plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal
A-Ankle eversion; assists in ankle plantarflexion
IN-Superficial peroneal nerve; fibular artery

11. The Foot and Ankle

12. Bones: Tibia & Fibula TIBIA FIBULA medial malleolus head
fibular notch lateral malleolus

13. Bones: Tarsals
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuneiforms
Talus
Cuboid

14. Bones: Metatarsals & Phalangeals

15. Plantar Fasciitis
The plantar fascia (or plantar aponeurosis) is the thick
connective tissue which supports the arch of the foot.
It runs from the tuberosity of the calcaneus forward to
the heads of the metatarsal bones. It is the source of
plantar fasciitis.
The plantar fascia supports the arch of the foot by
acting as a tie-rod, where it undergoes
tension when the foot bears weight.
When tension becomes too much, small tears are made
in the fascia. Repeatitive tearing and stretching create
an inflamed and painful area.
Most people complain of symptoms in the morning, or
after exercising like jogging of playing tennis.

16. Causes of Plantar Fasciitis
Physical activity
Improper shoes
Diabetes
Arthritis
Heredity

17. Prevention Maintain healthy weight
Stay away from those old beat-up tennis shoes
Begin any sport activity slowly
Stretch in the morning and throughout the day

18. Treatments
Night splints – helps keep fascia from contracting during the night.
Orthotics – may help distribute weight more evenly on the feet.
Physical therapy – instruction for strength training exercises for LE.
Corticosteroids – provide temporary relief.

19. Surface Anatomy Calcaneal tendon also known as the Achilles tendon.
Lateral malleolus
Medial malleolus

20. Surface Anatomy Extensor digitorum longus tendon
Extensor Hallucis longus
tendon
Tibialis anterior tendon
Extensor hallucis brevis
Fibularis longus tendon
(Peroneus longus)

21. Surface Anatomy
Great Saphenous Vein originates from where the dorsal vein of the large toe merges with the dorsal venous arch of the foot.

22. Surface Anatomy Site of Dorsalis Pedis
The dorsal pedis pulse can be palpated laterally to the extensor hallucis longus tendon on the top surface of the foot.
Doctors use this site to determine if a patient has peripheral vascular disease.

23. Flexor Hallucis Longus
O: Posterior fibula and
intersseous membrane
I: Distal phalanx of big toe
A: Flexes big toe;
inversion & plantar flexion of ankle
I: Tibial nerve
V: Fibular artery

24. Peroneus Brevis O: Lateral distal fibula I: Base of 5th metatarsal
A: Ankle eversion;
assists in plantar flexion
I: Superficial peroneal
V: fibular artery

25. Flexor Digitorum Longus
O: Posterior tibia
I: Distal phalanx of the four lesser toes
A: Flexes four lesser toes; assists in ankle inversion
plantar flexion of ankle
I: Tibial nerve
V: Posterior tibial artery

26. Peroneus Tertius O: Distal medial fibula I: Base of 5th metatarsal
A: Assists in ankle eversion
and dorsiflexion
I: Deep peroneal nerve
V: Anterior tibial artery

27. Gastrocnemius O: Medial and lateral condyles of the femur
I: Posterior calcaneus
A: Knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion
I: Tibial nerve
V: Popliteal artery

28. Extensor Digitorum Longus
O: Fibula, interosseous membrance, tibia
I: Distal phalanx of the four lesser toes
A: Extends the four lesser toes, assists in ankle dosiflexion
I: Deep peroneal nerve
V: Anterior tibial artery

29. Soleus O: Posterior tibia and fibula I: Posterior calcaneus
A: Ankle plantar flexion
I: Tibial nerve
V: Posterior tibial artery

30. Extensor Hallucis Longus
O: Fibula and interosseus membrane
I: Distal phalanx of great toe
A: Extends first toe; assists in ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
I: Deep peroneal nerve
V: Anterior tibial artery