Chemistry of Life Essential Question: What chemicals build living things?

What is biochemistry? The branch of chemistry that studies organic compounds The branch of chemistry that studies organic compounds

What is an organic compound? Any compound containing Carbon

Why is life based on carbon? Carbon is found in all living things! Carbon is not stable by itself Carbon can make four bonds Carbon is found in all living things! Carbon is not stable by itself Carbon can make four bonds

Carbon loves bonding! 5Tao 5Tao UpDrfI UpDrfI 5Tao 5Tao UpDrfI UpDrfI

What 6 elements does carbon bond with to build living things? C-H-N-O- P-S Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur

DNA

Carbon combines with elements to build huge molecules We call these huge molecules “Macromolecules”

Macromolecules are made of smaller subunits These subunits are called Monomers Monomers bond together to form polymers These subunits are called Monomers Monomers bond together to form polymers Polymerization

Building important polymers sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide Carbohydrates = built from sugars Proteins = built from amino acids Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides amino acid amino acid – amino acid – amino acid – amino acid – amino acid –

Let’s focus on 4 basic carbon-based macromolecules found in all living things: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates: CHO Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy Example: starch & glucose (sugar) used for energy in cells. Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy Example: starch & glucose (sugar) used for energy in cells.

What carbs do you eat?

Lipids: CHO

Lipids (continued) Lipids can be used to store energy in fats. They make up membranes of cells. They are the waxy coating on leaves and bird feathers.

Proteins: CHONS

Proteins: (cont.) Proteins are built from molecules called amino acids Proteins are important in all cell processes, forming bones & muscles, transporting stuff in and out of cells Proteins are built from molecules called amino acids Proteins are important in all cell processes, forming bones & muscles, transporting stuff in and out of cells

Enzymes are important proteins

Nucleic Acids- CHNOP Nucleic acids are DNA and RNA Nucleic Acids store genetic information Nucleic acids are built from monomers called nucleotides Nucleic acids are DNA and RNA Nucleic Acids store genetic information Nucleic acids are built from monomers called nucleotides

PolymerMonomer polysaccharidesmonosaccharides triglyceride Fatty Acids + glycerol Protein/polypeptideAmino Acids DNA/RNANucleotides Remember: Monomers bond together to make polymers. Chemical bonds are ENERGY!

Review What are the chemicals of life? What is the one element necessary for life? What are the 4 organic compounds that can be found in living things? The more chemical bonds, the more _______. What are the chemicals of life? What is the one element necessary for life? What are the 4 organic compounds that can be found in living things? The more chemical bonds, the more _______.

Name the macromolecule!