 Known as the Battle of Manassas in the South  Disaster  Happened in Creek area with 25 miles of rivers  Spectators came out to watch  Battle is a big joke for the north

 Disaster  Ulysses Grant (General for North) relieved of command because he was drunk  Hallock (North) vs. McClellan (South)

 Hallock  Brilliant strategist  Doesn’t know how to use the strategies  Very timid  McClellan  Timid  Marches south towards Richmond, Virginia  Robert E. Lee and Stonwall Jackson are waiting there

 Union loses a very large amount of people

 Same place in Virginia  Union general lost his strategy book, south wins

 1862  McClellan is defeated

 General Ambrose Burnside  300,000 Union soldiers die  1 or 2 Confederate soldiers die  Worst battle of the war for the north

 January 1 st, 1863  Freed the slaves  England won’t enter into war because Lincoln made the war about slavery

 Union soldiers: 100,000  Confederate soldiers: 50,000  12,000 soldiers die  Stonewall Jackson dies  Considered southern victory

 Grant goes to Mississippi River to split Confederate forces in two  Very marshy around the city…city is up on a hill  South loses

 Union forces pushed out of city to Cemetery Ridge  Pickett’s charge  Infantry run up a steep hill  No cavalry was sent, so Gettysburg is a loss for the south

 South leader: General Hood  General Sherman goes toward Atlanta  Soldiers span 6-10 miles wide  Everything in his path is destroyed  Turns east to Charleston (March to the sea)  Marches north to Virginia

 Grant(north) traps Lee(south)  Lee escapes  Lee hears what Sherman is doing

 Lee wants peace  Surrenders very solemnly  Done at Appomattox Courthouse

 Hot air balloons  North had lots  South had one…it was captured  Better guns  Minnie ball  Gatling gun (60 rounds per minute)  AGR machine gun (120 rounds per minute)  Grenades  Colt pistol

HOT AIR BALLOONGATLING GUN

 Clara Barton  12 hour shifts  No anesthesia for pain  Amputation  Bite a piece of leather  Sawed people’s limbs  Takes a long time to cut  No sterilization (numb the area)  High # of wounded die from disease after war

 205,904 people killed from battles  337,388 people died from disease  56,000 people in Prisoner of War (POW) camps die  24,881 accidental deaths  473,000 wounded   1,096,000 total casualties  (35-40 million in whole country)

 Andersonville  Considered worst POW camp  46 acres big  46,000 POW in 1864  Confederate Prison  Captain Wirz in charge of Camp for the south  Used basements  Cold  Water-sepage  Lots of cases of abuse