Reviewing the Basics! SKILLS TO KNOW

Bellringer  TURN IN YOUR QUESTIONS AND MAP NOW.  In your own words, explain the difference between absolute and relative location.  How might you use absolute and relative location in your life?

Arid— Dry (can be hot or cold)

Precipitation

Globe —scale model of Earth

Degree  Units used to measure distances between parallels and between meridians.

Minutes  Units used to measure distances between parallels and between meridians. Smaller than degrees. Ten minutes between two degree marks.

Location  Absolute location- -is a way of describing the position of an object or place, perhaps (but not limited to) on the surface of the earth  Relative location- -A location of a place in relation to another place

Lines of Latitude (parallels)— run parallel to equator. Circle the Earth in an east-west direction

Lines of Longitude (meridians)—measure distance east and west of the prime meridian.  Circle the globe in a north-south direction

Prime Meridian—0 degrees longitude—from North to South Pole and through Greenwich, England.

Intersection of Lines —find absolute location of places.

Equator —0 degrees latitude– circles the globe halfway between the North & South Poles. Tropic of Capricorn —23 ½ degrees south of the equator. Tropic of Cancer — 23 ½ degrees north of the equator.

Why are these lines important?  Most northern and southern places on Earth that can receive direct sun rays!

 O-23 ½ degrees = tropics  Will receive direct sun rays  23 ½ -66 ½ degrees = middle latitude  Experience distinct seasons

International Dateline —180 degrees longitude—opposite the prime meridian.

Bellringer  Explain why different map projections are necessary.

Map Projections  Cartographers have different ways of presenting our round Earth on flat maps.

Cylindrical Projection  most common type of map  areas close to the equator have very little distortion  the closer to the poles that one travels, the more distorted the map becomes  Greenland appears to be many times larger than it really is.

Conic Projection  created by placing a cone shaped screen on a globe  more accurate than the cylindrical projection  the further we travel down the map, the more distorted and less accurate the map becomes

Flat Plane Projection  created by placing an imaginary screen directly above or below a globe  not commonly used.

Interrupted Projection  depict the continents as accurately as possible  leave blank space in the less important areas of the map, such as in the oceans.

Different types of regions!

Functional Region Separate locations that are linked together and function as one.

Perceptual Region

Formal Region-- Characteristics that are different from surrounding areas.

Bellringer  What is a special purpose map?  Give 2 examples and tell how you may use the maps in your own life.

Examples of Special Purpose Maps!

Topography— the art or science of making maps that show the height, shape, etc., of the land in a particular area. (ex. Mountains or rivers)

Climate Map

Climate Graph —shows the average temperatures and precipitation in a place.

Population Pyramid— shows the percentages of males and females by age group in a country’s population.

What are the following special purpose maps used for? Elevation map precipitation map population map weather map land use map physical map

 Transpiration map  Time zone map  Economic map  Ocean current map  Wind current map  Political map  Climate map  Historical map