Asexual & Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction  Type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from ONE parent and the offspring is identical to the parent.  Occurs in most plants, bacteria, protists, and low invertebrates.

Asexual Reproduction  One parent  Offspring are identical to the parents. One Parent Identical Offspring

Asexual Reproduction  Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction  Advantages – Identical to parent, so will get all good characteristics.  Disadvantages – Identical to parent, so will also get bad characteristics and is less able to adapt to the environment.

Asexual Reproduction  Types of Asexual Reproduction  Binary Fission – used by bacteria, an organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus copy then divide into two identical organisms  Example: bacteria

Asexual Reproduction  Types of Asexual Reproduction  Budding – organism that produces a bud that breaks away to live on its own.  Example: hydra

Asexual Reproduction  Types of Asexual Reproduction  Vegetative Propagation – results in a new plant that is genetically identical to the parent plant (a clone).  Examples: strawberry plant, vegetables, and crops.

Asexual Reproduction  Types of Asexual Reproduction  Sporulation – organism forms spores as a means of asexual reproduction  Examples: bread mold, mushrooms

Asexual Reproduction  Types of Asexual Reproduction  Regeneration – organism uses cell division to re-grow body parts.  Example: starfish, salamander

Salamanders: Salamanders can regenerate legs. When a salamander is in the larval stage, it can regenerate a limb in thirty to forty days! Adult salamanders can also regenerate limbs, but it takes much longer and the leg is not as large as the original one.

Lizards: Lizards have the ability to replace lost limbs or a lost tail. This is important because when a predator such as a hawk captures the tail, the lizard can escape. The new tail lacks the backbone of the original tail.

Crayfish: Cray fish can regrow claws, pinchers, or legs. It is easy to recognize the regenerated part because it is smaller than the other parts. Just like the lizard, it can break off a claw or leg so that it can escape when captured by a predator.

Sexual Reproduction  Two parents  Offspring are a combination of both parents and are therefore different from each parent. unique / diverse offspring Two Parents

Sexual Reproduction  Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction  Advantages – variety and/or diversity of offspring (color, shape, size, intelligence, ability, etc.), More able to adapt to environmental changes.  Disadvantages – uniqueness, sometimes traits needed for survival are not passed on.

Sexual Reproduction  Types of Sexual Reproduction  Plants – when the reproductive cells of one plant fertilize (pollinate) the reproductive cells of another plant. This produces seeds that can grow into a new plant.

Sexual Reproduction  Types of Sexual Reproduction.  Animals – when the reproductive cells of one animal fertilize the reproductive cells of another animal. This produces a baby (embryo).