Bellringer On the map, label: – Britain – Spain – Italy – Greece – Russia – Asia Minor – Mediterranean – Black Sea

Agenda 1.Byzantine GRAPES

Objectives Students will be able to… 51. Summarize the accomplishments of Justinian and the Byzantine Empire. 52. Assess the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. 53. Explain the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and Russia.

The Byzantine Empire Objective #51

G Eastern Roman Empire  Byzantine Empire Asia Minor, Balkan Peninsula, Egypt, Palestine Capital: Constantinople

Location is Everything Why Constantinople? – Rule #3 – Far from the Germans – Natural defenses

Maps! Asia Minor Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Spain (Iberia) Italy Greece Arabia Canaan/ Judea Egypt Caspian Sea

R Christianity, of course Schism – Pope and patriarch – Icons – Language – Marriage and celibacy Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox (Objective #52)

A Preserved Greco-Roman culture – Germans were illiterate Art – Especially icons and mosaics

Byzantine Art Blended Greek, Roman, and Middle Eastern styles Emphasized two themes – The glory of the emperor and empire – The Church Use lots of bright colors!

Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

Other Achievements (write them now, explained in a moment) Constantinople – Hagia Sophia Justinian Code Surviving for 1000 years

P Empire Monarchy Theocracy? Famous ruler: Justinian

Justinian Restores the glory of Rome – Rebuilds Constantinople – Re-conquers Roman territory – Reforms the empire

Rebuilding Constantinople Justinian: repairs defensive walls and fortifications, and builds new ones

Rebuilding Constantinople Justinian: modernizes the city – Hospitals – Schools – Palaces – Aqueducts – Law courts – Public baths – Hippodrome (free chariot races!)

Rebuilding Constantinople Justinian: builds churches, including the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

Re-conquer

Reforms Justinian declares he (the emperor) is in charge of the church Reforms and strengthens the bureaucracy and tax collection

Most Important Reform Justinian Code – Reviews, revises, edits, and codifies 5,000 Roman laws – Explains how to use and interpret all the laws – Standard of law in continental Europe to this day

E Trade Center of trade Lots of trade Trade

E Did I mention trade? Economy centered around providing for Constantinople (and trade)

S The usual – Except! Women had more rights and freedom – Empress Theodora

Byzantines and Russia Objective #53

Russians Slavs + Vikings = Russians Rest stops on trade network (/invasion routes) become cities – Connect Baltic and Black Seas

Conversion Byzantine missionaries want to convert the Russians to Christianity Prince Vladimir converts everyone in Kiev in 989 – Hagia Sophia!

Language New alphabet: Cyrillic – Invented by Saint Cyril – Slavs had language, but not written

Influence Religion Language Art Church design CULTURAL DIFFUSION

Bye Bye, Byzantium

Overexpansion Just like the Romans! – Bankrupts the empire – New neighbors are enemies – Too large to control Learn the lessons of history!

Many Enemies In the West – Many Germanic tribes, Slavs, and others attack parts of the Byzantine Empire In the East – Persians and then Islamic empire attack Constantinople in 626, 674, 717

AD 550

AD 1050

Schism Split of the Christian Church hurts the Byzantines – Fewer friends in the West if they need to call for help – No hope of reuniting Roman lands – Crusaders hurt Constantinople

AD 1350

More Enemies Turks and Mongols invade from the East throughout the 13 th and 14 th centuries Finally, the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople in 1453

Know This Date! Constantinople falls: 1453