1. Reminders
Individual projects due MONDAY (3rd)

2. Agenda
Byzantine GRAPES

3. Objectives
Students will be able to… 51. Summarize the accomplishments of Justinian and the Byzantine Empire. 52. Assess the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. 53. Explain the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and Russia.

4. Objective #51
The Byzantine Empire

5. G Eastern Roman Empire  Byzantine Empire
Asia Minor, Balkan Peninsula, Egypt, Palestine
Capital: Constantinople

6. Location is Everything
Why Constantinople?
Rule #3
Far from the Germans
Natural defenses

7. Maps! Black Sea 6 Caspian Sea Italy 2 10 Spain (Iberia) 1 Greece 3
Asia Minor 7
Canaan/ Judea 8
Mediterranean Sea 4
Egypt 5
Arabia 9

9. R Christianity, of course Schism Pope and patriarch Icons Language
(Objective #52) R
Christianity, of course
Schism
Pope and patriarch
Icons
Language
Marriage and celibacy
Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox

10. A Preserved Greco-Roman culture Germans were illiterate Art
Especially icons and mosaics

11. Byzantine Art Blended Greek, Roman, and Middle Eastern styles
Emphasized two themes
The glory of the emperor and empire
The Church
Use lots of bright colors!

12. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

13. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

14. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

15. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

16. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

17. Greek, Roman, or Byzantine?

18. Other Achievements (write them now, explained in a moment)
Constantinople
Hagia Sophia
Justinian Code
Surviving for 1000 years

19. P
Empire
Monarchy
Theocracy?
Famous ruler: Justinian

20. Justinian Restores the glory of Rome Rebuilds Constantinople
Re-conquers Roman territory
Reforms the empire

21. Rebuilding Constantinople
Justinian: repairs defensive walls and fortifications, and builds new ones

22. Rebuilding Constantinople
Justinian: modernizes the city
Hospitals
Schools
Palaces
Aqueducts
Law courts
Public baths
Hippodrome (free chariot races!)

23. Rebuilding Constantinople
Justinian: builds churches, including the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

24. Re-conquer

25. Reforms Justinian declares he (the emperor) is in charge of the church
Reforms and strengthens the bureaucracy and tax collection

26. Most Important Reform Justinian Code
Reviews, revises, edits, and codifies 5,000 Roman laws
Explains how to use and interpret all the laws
Standard of law in continental Europe to this day

27. E
Trade
Center of trade
Lots of trade

28. E
Did I mention trade?
Economy centered around providing for Constantinople (and trade)

29. S
The usual
Except! Women had more rights and freedom
Empress Theodora

30. Objective #53
Byzantines and Russia

32. Russians Slavs + Vikings = Russians
Rest stops on trade network (/invasion routes) become cities
Connect Baltic and Black Seas

33. Conversion
Byzantine missionaries want to convert the Russians to Christianity
Prince Vladimir converts everyone in Kiev in 989
Hagia Sophia!

34. Language New alphabet: Cyrillic Invented by Saint Cyril
Slavs had language, but not written

35. Influence
Religion
Language
Art
Church design
CULTURAL DIFFUSION

36. Bye Bye, Byzantium

37. Overexpansion Just like the Romans! Bankrupts the empire
New neighbors are enemies
Too large to control
Learn the lessons of history!

38. Many Enemies In the West In the East
Many Germanic tribes, Slavs, and others attack parts of the Byzantine Empire
In the East
Persians and then Islamic empire attack Constantinople in 626, 674, 717

39. AD 550

40. AD 1050

41. Schism Split of the Christian Church hurts the Byzantines
Fewer friends in the West if they need to call for help
No hope of reuniting Roman lands
Crusaders hurt Constantinople

42. AD 1350

43. More Enemies
Turks and Mongols invade from the East throughout the 13th and 14th centuries
Finally, the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople in 1453

44. Constantinople falls: 1453
Know This Date!