1. Bellringer: 29 February and 1 March
Pick up the papers by the door.
Make the following ToC updates:
Write down your HW:
Read in your class textbook
Review the differences/similarities between Roman Catholicism and Greek Orthodoxy

2. Agenda: 29 February and 1 March
Objectives: Explain the basics and significance of the Byzantine Empire (specifically geography, religion, accomplishments, politics, economy, and social structure). Describe the fall of the Byzantine Empire and compare it to the fall of the Roman Empire.
1. Quiz Replacement Math
2. Notes: Byzantine Empire
3. Activities:
Justinian Resume
Justinian Code Scenarios

3. Warm-Up:
Match the phrase in the red boxes to the phrases in the blue boxes they best match up with.
First in 330 CE, Constantine decided to…
The Byzantine Empire rose to power.
Then, power in the empire was…
Move the capital to the east.
In 410 CE…
Odacer attacked Rome and the Western Roman Empire fell.
In 476 CE…
Divided.
Rome was sacked by Alaric I.
Finally, in the east…

5. The Byzantine Empire, or Byzantium, was formerly a part of the Roman Empire.
As the Empire in the west fell due to moral decay, invasions from barbaric tribes, and political turmoil the east actually prospered.

6. Significance: Why was Byzantium important?
Empire ruled the east from 300 C.E. to 1453 C.E.
Constantinople = preserve classical culture.
The empire was a center of trade, learning, and cultural diffusion.
Constantinople a crossroads

8. Geography

9. Geography Eastern Roman Empire becomes the Byzantine Empire
Asia Minor, Balkan Peninsula, Egypt, Palestine
Capital: Constantinople

10. Location is Everything
Why Constantinople?
Good port for trading
Far from the Germanic Tribes
Natural defenses

11. Maps! Black Sea 6 Caspian Sea Italy 2 10 Spain (Iberia) 1 Greece 3
Asia Minor 7
Canaan/ Judea 8
Mediterranean Sea 4
Egypt 5
Arabia 9

13. Checking for Understanding
Why did the Eastern Roman Empire survive when the Western Roman Empire fell?
What geographic factor was most important to the growth of the Byzantine Empire?
The Eastern Roman Empire was closer to trade and further from the Germans.
Asia Minor – crossroads for trade

14. Religion

15. Christianity! Religion
A schism is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization or movement religious denomination
In Roman Catholic Church canon law, an act of schism, like an act of apostasy or heresy, automatically brings the penalty of excommunication.[5] As stated in canon 1312 §1 1° of the Code of Canon Law, this penalty is intended to be medicinal, so as to lead to restoration of unity. Roman Catholic theology considers formal schismatics to be outside the Church, understanding by "formal schismatics" "persons who, knowing the true nature of the Church, have personally and deliberately committed the sin of schism".[6] The situation, for instance, of those who have been brought up from childhood within a group not in full communion with Rome, but who have orthodox faith, is different: these are considered to be imperfectly, though not fully, members of the Church.[6] This nuanced view applies especially to the Churches of Eastern Christianity, more particularly still to the Eastern Orthodox Church.[6]

16. Religion The Christian Church is present in both the
West (Rome) and the East (Constantinople).
Both have leading bishops.
In West (Rome) there is a Pope
In East (Constantinople) there is a patriarch.
A schism is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization or movement religious denomination
In Roman Catholic Church canon law, an act of schism, like an act of apostasy or heresy, automatically brings the penalty of excommunication.[5] As stated in canon 1312 §1 1° of the Code of Canon Law, this penalty is intended to be medicinal, so as to lead to restoration of unity. Roman Catholic theology considers formal schismatics to be outside the Church, understanding by "formal schismatics" "persons who, knowing the true nature of the Church, have personally and deliberately committed the sin of schism".[6] The situation, for instance, of those who have been brought up from childhood within a group not in full communion with Rome, but who have orthodox faith, is different: these are considered to be imperfectly, though not fully, members of the Church.[6] This nuanced view applies especially to the Churches of Eastern Christianity, more particularly still to the Eastern Orthodox Church.[6]

17. We will see a schism in the Christian church!
Religion
A small disagreement between the two churches over icons, led to larger disagreements and eventually a split …or a schism!
We will see a schism in the Christian church!
A schism is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization or movement religious denomination
In Roman Catholic Church canon law, an act of schism, like an act of apostasy or heresy, automatically brings the penalty of excommunication.[5] As stated in canon 1312 §1 1° of the Code of Canon Law, this penalty is intended to be medicinal, so as to lead to restoration of unity. Roman Catholic theology considers formal schismatics to be outside the Church, understanding by "formal schismatics" "persons who, knowing the true nature of the Church, have personally and deliberately committed the sin of schism".[6] The situation, for instance, of those who have been brought up from childhood within a group not in full communion with Rome, but who have orthodox faith, is different: these are considered to be imperfectly, though not fully, members of the Church.[6] This nuanced view applies especially to the Churches of Eastern Christianity, more particularly still to the Eastern Orthodox Church.[6]

18. Religion video:

19. Religion: Great Schism
West (Rome)
East (Byzantium/Constantinople)
Pope
View on Icons: okay
Church service in Latin
Priests can’t marry
Patriarch
View on Icons: not okay.
Church Service in Greek.
Priests can marry.
A schism is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization or movement religious denomination
In Roman Catholic Church canon law, an act of schism, like an act of apostasy or heresy, automatically brings the penalty of excommunication.[5] As stated in canon 1312 §1 1° of the Code of Canon Law, this penalty is intended to be medicinal, so as to lead to restoration of unity. Roman Catholic theology considers formal schismatics to be outside the Church, understanding by "formal schismatics" "persons who, knowing the true nature of the Church, have personally and deliberately committed the sin of schism".[6] The situation, for instance, of those who have been brought up from childhood within a group not in full communion with Rome, but who have orthodox faith, is different: these are considered to be imperfectly, though not fully, members of the Church.[6] This nuanced view applies especially to the Churches of Eastern Christianity, more particularly still to the Eastern Orthodox Church.[6]
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church

20. What is an icon?
Icon = painting of Christ or another holy figure, used as an aid to devotion.

21. Branches within Christianity
Early Christianity
Western Church Catholicism (Roman Catholic Church)
Protestantism
Lutheran
Baptist
Episcopalian
Catholicism
Eastern Orthodox
Anglican
Great Schism
(11th Century)
Reformation
(16th Century)

22. Checking for Understanding
Compare the Churches in the East and in the West. What are the similarities, what are the differences?
The Eastern Roman Empire was closer to trade and further from the Germans.

23. Achievements

24. Achievements Preserved Greco-Roman culture Art Mosaics
Blended Greek, Roman, and Middle Eastern styles

25. What is a Mosaic?
A picture or pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of hard material, such as stone, tile, or glass

26. Other Achievements Justinian Code Surviving for 1000 years
Language: Greek (contrasts with Latin in the West)
Adoption of Greek alphabet for the Slavic languages by St. Cyril (Cyrillic alphabet)
Greco-Roman knowledge preserved in Byzantine libraries
Greek language (as contrasted with Latin in the West)
• Greek Orthodox Christianity
• Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in Byzantine libraries

28. Hagia Sophia
A 6th century masterpiece built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453, and made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century.

29. Images of the Exterior

30. Images of the Interior

31. Hagia Sophia Vid

32. Checking for Understanding
Compare the Byzantine achievements with the achievements of the Ancient Roman Empire.
The Eastern Roman Empire was closer to trade and further from the Germans.

33. Political

34. Political
Emperor: sole and absolute ruler with power from divine origin.
Famous ruler: Justinian

35. Justinian (527 – 565) Restores the glory of Rome
Rebuilds Constantinople
Re-conquers Roman territory
Reforms the empire
Famous for the Codification of Roman Law which would lead to the development of the legal codes of Europe (and today)
Re-conquered some of the old Roman territories:
Included Carthage, the Italian Peninsula, and a small territory in Spain.

36. 1. Rebuilding Constantinople
Justinian: repairs/builds defensive walls and fortifications

37. 1. Rebuilding Constantinople
Justinian: modernizes the city
Mese (“Middle Way”)
Hospitals
Schools
Palaces
Aqueducts
Law courts
Public baths
Hippodrome (free chariot races!)

38. 3. Rebuilding Constantinople
Justinian: builds churches, including the Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

39. 2. Re-conquers Roman territory
Goal = re-conquer lost Roman territory.
Goal was to reconquer what was lost.

40. 3. Reforms the empire Declares emperor controls the church
Reforms and strengthens the bureaucracy and tax collection
Justinian Code
Reviews, revises, edits, and codifies 5,000 Roman laws
Became the basis for western legal codes for centuries to come!

41. Checking for Understanding
What are the 3 R’s for Justinian?
The Eastern Roman Empire was closer to trade and further from the Germans.

42. Economy

43. Economy Center of trade Trade Routes between Black Sea and Baltic Sea
Mese – “Middle Way” (main road through Constantinople)
Trade-based economy, economy centered around providing for Constantinople (and trade)

45. Social

46. Social
Women had more rights and freedom than in Rome or Greece (thanks to Empress Theodora)
Schools
Hippodrome (free chariot races!)

47. Bye Bye, Byzantium

48. Decline of Byzantium…looks similar to the Romans
Empire goes into debt, becomes bankrupt
Too large to control (same as Rome)
Split of the Christian Church hurts the Byzantines
External threats lurk
Turks and Mongols (again?!) invade from the East throughout the 13th and 14th centuries
Finally, the Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople in 1453
Split of the Christian Church hurts the Byzantines
Fewer friends in the West if they need to call for help
No hope of reuniting Roman lands
Crusaders hurt Constantinople
Enemies:
In the West
Many Germanic tribes, Slavs, and others attack parts of the Byzantine Empire
East:
In the East
Persians and then Islamic empire attack Constantinople in 626, 674, 717

49. AD 550

50. AD 1050

51. AD 1350

52. Constantinople falls: 1453
Know This Date!

54. Justinian Code Activity
Read the scenario.
Read the code.
Answer the questions
4 minutes!