1. The Byzantine Empire

2. Ms. Mantaring – Global History I AIM: How did the rise of Justinian lead to the creation of Byzantine Empire?

3. Section 1: The Byzantine Empire
A New Rome in a New Setting The Eastern Roman Empire • Roman Empire officially divides into East and West in 395 • The Eastern Empire flourishes and would become known as the Byzantium Empire. • Justinian becomes emperor of Byzantium in 527 • His armies conquer and take back much of the former Roman territory • Byzantine emperors call themselves head of state and head of church. The use brutal politics and rule with absolute power. • Emperors live under constant risk of assassination, of 88 Byzantine emperors, 29 die violent deaths.

4. Life in the New Rome
New Laws for the Empire • Justinian would seek to revise and update laws for governing the empire. So he creates Justinian Code. • Justinian Code—new set of laws consisting of four main parts: 5,000 laws, interpretations of laws, text book on how to use laws, and new laws after 534. • Code regulates much of Byzantine life and lasts for 900 years Creating the Imperial Capital • Justinian launches program to beautify the capital, Constantinople. • He constructs new buildings and builds a magnificent church called Hagia Sophia • Byzantines preserved Greco-Roman culture and learning through schools. Also they had courts hospitals, aqueducts, and baths.

5. Continued Life in the New Rome
Constantinople’s Hectic Pace • City becomes trading hub with major marketplace. Main street is the Mese. • Giant Hippodrome offers chariot races and other entertainment • Racing fans start riots in 532, but the government eventually restores order violently • Empress Theodora—powerful wife and adviser to Justinian, convinces him to stay in empire.

6. The Roman empire, divided in the late AD200’s, was weakened by internal and external forces. Power shifted to the east, as Germanic invaders weakened the western half of the once great Roman empire.

7. By 330, the emperor Constantine, had built a new capital city in Constantinople on the site of the Greek city Byzantium. The Byzantine empire arose from this site.

8. At its height, the Byzantine empire covered an area from Rome through southeastern Europe and Asia Minor, down to Egypt and across North Africa.

9. The city of Constantinople, was on a peninsula overlooking the Bosporus, a strait connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. From its central location, the city controlled key trade routes that liked Europe and Asia.

10. The Byzantine empire reached its peak under the emperor Justinian
The Byzantine empire reached its peak under the emperor Justinian. Justinian was a autocratic ruler, or single ruler with complete authority.

11. Emperor Justinian became known for his collection of ancient laws known as Justinian’s Code. This written set of laws became the basis today’s international laws.

13. In the area of architecture, Justinian blended Greek, Roman, Persian and Middle Eastern styles. The best known structure is the Church of Hagia Sophia whose name means “Holy Wisdom”

17. In the area of art, the Byzantine empire made great contributions
In the area of art, the Byzantine empire made great contributions. Icons were images of Jesus, the Virgin Mary and others. These icons were supposed the create the sense that the holy person was actually present.

19. Byzantine artists also developed Mosaics, pictures or designs formed by inlaid pieces of stone or other materials. Mosaics often displayed religious themes.

22. Ms. Mantaring – Global History I AIM: What led to the collapse of the Byzantine Empire?

23. The Empire Falls
Years of Turmoil • Justinian dies in 565; empire faces many crises after his death: riots, religious fights, and foreign attacks The Plague of Justinian • Bubonic plague repeatedly sweeps empire; kills many residents. 10,000 people every day. Attacks from East and West • Byzantium faces attacks from many different groups: Slavs, Russians, and Arabs but survives through bribery, diplomacy, and military power • Constantinople falls in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks and this brings an end to Byzantine Empire

24. The Church Divides
A Religious Split • Christianity develops differently in Eastern and Western Roman Empires • Two churches disagree over many issues, especially the use of icons. • Icons are religious images used to aid in prayer. • The leading bishop of Eastern Christianity was known as patriarch, and he would bow to the emperor • In the West, the pope excommunicated the emperor— banished him from the Church

25. Continued The Church Divides
A Religious Split • Pope and patriarch excommunicate each other over religious doctrines • Eastern and Western churches officially split in 1054 • West—Roman Catholic Church; East—Orthodox Church Byzantine Missionaries Convert the Slavs • Eastern Orthodox missionaries seek to convert northern peoples, especially the Slavs • Missionaries create Cyrillic alphabet—basis of many Slavic languages • Alphabet enables slavs to read the Bible in their own tongue.

26. In 1054, permanent split or schism occurred between the Orthodox Christian Church in the East and the Roman Catholic Church in the West.

27. The decline of the Byzantine empire came with the onset of invading armies. The final blow came at the hands of the Ottoman empire in 1453.

28. The Byzantine empire hoped to preserve Greek and Roman culture and also strongly influenced the first Russian state. As Russia traded with the Byzantine empire, the Byzantines influenced both Russian and eastern European development.

29. The Byzantines gave Russia a written language
The Byzantines gave Russia a written language. Two Byzantine missionaries adapted the Greek alphabet This new system, called the Cyrillic alphabet is still used in Russia today.

30. Byzantine missionaries carried Orthodox Christianity to Russia and other Eastern European nations.

31. Another Byzantine influence on Russia was that of an autocratic ruler
Another Byzantine influence on Russia was that of an autocratic ruler. Autocratic rulers in Russia were known as czars. Czar is the Russian word for Caesar.

32. The Byzantine empire had its influence in the development of history
The Byzantine empire had its influence in the development of history. Emerging out of the once strong Roman empire, the Byzantines develop a written set of law and strongly influence art and architecture of the time.
The Byzantine empire preserved the Greek, Roman and Persian achievements as well as influencing the development of Russia and Eastern Europe.