The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown.

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Presentation transcript:

The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown

Hundred Years’ War   England and France  England=victor until 1429  French eventually removed British

The Black Death   Plagues  Septicemic  Pneumonic  Bubonic  1/3 of W. Europeans died

The Black Death  Cures?  Flagellation  Bleeding  Cause?  Curse from God

Challenges to RCC  Avignon Papacy ( )  Babylonian Captivity  Great Schism ( )  John Wycliffe  English  d  Jan Hus  Czech  d. 1415

Cultural Achievements  In Early Middle Ages, culture regressed because of:  Barbarian invasions  Feudalism  People’s concern for barest essentials of life

Cultural Achievements  In High Middle Ages, culture progressed because:  Church provided leadership and support  Crusades spread knowledge of Byzantine and Moslem civilization  Towns=centers of culture and learning

Cultural Achievements  Architecture  Romanesque (pre-1100s)  Massive cathedrals  Featured:  Thick walls  Few windows  Rounded arches  Strong columns

Cultural Achievements  Architecture (cont’d)  Gothic (1100s+)  More graceful style  Featured:  Flying buttresses  Pointed arches  Thin walls  Stained-glass windows

Thrust

Notre Dame

Cultural Achievements  Higher education  Universities founded  Except for religion, relied chiefly on Aristotle’s writings  Students faced difficulties:  Taught in Latin, not vernacular  Lacked books and libraries

Cultural Achievements  Science & invention  Medieval scientists were quite unscientific  Rarely experimented or questioned  Mainly accepted:  Popular superstitions  Ideas of Aristotle

Cultural Achievements  Science & invention (cont’d)  Scientists:  Alchemists  Astrologers  Roger Bacon  Science requires:  Experimentation  Observation

Cultural Achievements  Philosophy & theology  Scholasticism--method of using pure reason in defense of faith  Scholars  Peter Abelard  Famous medieval teacher  Wrote Sic et Non  Differing views of RCC leaders on various issues

Cultural Achievements  Philosophy & theology (cont’d)  Scholars (cont’d)  St. Thomas Aquinas  Wrote Summa Theologica  Denied conflict between reason and faith  Influenced by Aristotle

Cultural Achievements  Literature  Few books written  Epic poems  Beowulf--Anglo-Saxon poem  Song of Roland--French epic  Song of Cid--Spanish story  Lyrical poems  Mostly about love  By wandering musicians

National Development  England/France  Spain/Portugal  Russia/Ottoman Empire  HRE/Italy

The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown