1. Chapter 12 Crusades and culture in the middle ages
LESSON 1 – MEDIEVAL CHRISTIANITY
LESSON 2 – THE CRUSADES
LESSON 3 – CULTURE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
LESSON 4 – THE LATE MIDDLE AGES
1286 eye glasses invented in Italy
1321 Dante completes his epic poem The Divine Comedy

2. CULTURE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
From , Europe had a great increase in architecture and intellectual achievement New Churches were built: GOTHIC STYLE* 1) vaulted ceilings
*A term used by some writers in the renaissance to describe the architecture – so ugly that only the barbarians Goths could have built it
1163 Construction of Notre Dame begins

3. CULTURE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
2) flying buttresses

4. CULTURE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
3) thinner walls 4) more stained-glass windows

5. CULTURE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
Universities brought revival to learning:
Bologna: first university in Europe in 1088
2) Oxford University: late 1300's in England
Cathedral schools
Bishops, archbishops in France, Italy organized schools
Cathedral schools concentrated on liberal arts
Some offered instruction in law, medicine, and theology
Universities
Large cathedral schools developed into universities
Most students trained for church, bureaucratic jobs
Most students were from middle classes and not nobility
Student guilds and faculty guilds
Chief degree was theology

6. CULTURE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
Universities brought revival to learning: By 1500, there were 80 universities in Europe The most highly regarded subject was theology, which is the study of religion and God Scholasticism tried to reconcile faith and reason to show that they are in harmony
Method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics ("scholastics," or "schoolmen") of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to 1700, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending dogma in an increasingly pluralistic context
universities
universities
Driven by Reading public
Medieval documents - not all are works of art
Illuminated books - expensive
Most reading in Medieval period is public reading read allowed
Middle Ages cities and towns were the engines of economic prosperity

7. CULTURE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
Literature
Latin was the language of the Catholic Church and medieval society, but soon, literature began to be written in the vernacular –
everyday languages spoken by the people such as:
French, German, Spanish, English
vernacular – everyday languages spoken by the people such as ACTUALLY MEANS – NOT LATIN

8. CULTURE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
Literature
Canterbury Tales: Geoffrey Chaucer wrote this collection of short stories about pilgrims on a journey to a shrine in Canterbury, England
story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from London to Canterbury in order to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral
Medieval documents - not all are works of art
Illuminated books – expensive (took 3 years for a bible to be copied)
Most reading in Medieval period is public reading read allowed