Learning How learning occurs through reinforcement and conditioning.

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Presentation transcript:

Learning How learning occurs through reinforcement and conditioning

Overview  In psychology, we try to understand how learning occurs through observing changes in behavior.  It is important to recognize that not all changes in behavior is considered evidence of learning, but that behavioral changes might be evidence of learning.

Terms to Know By the End of the Day Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Punishment

Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus – The original stimulus that elicits a response. (for example: food) Unconditioned Response – a natural, reflexive response. (for example: salivation)

Classical Conditioning cont’d  Conditioned Stimulus- A neutral stimulus, that, when repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits a conditioned response  (for example: the ringing of a bell)  Conditioned Response- The response that occurs after learning the conditioned stimulus will be paired with the unconditioned stimulus.  (for example: Salvation at the sound of the bell)

Operant Conditioning  Defined by the learning based on the association of consequences with one’s behaviors.  This conditioning is learned through a multitude of ways: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Positive Punishment, Negative Punishment

Operant Conditioning Terms  Positive Reinforcement – The addition of something pleasant following the desired behavior  Negative Reinforcement- The removal of something unpleasant following the desired behavior.  (for example: Bob will do this dishes to avoid his wife’s nagging)

Positive Reinforcement  Here is a great example of Positive Reinforcement in Operant Conditioning from the show “The Big Bang Theory”: GSBoMI

Operant Conditioning Terms  Positive Punishment – The addition of something unpleasant following an undesired behavior  (for example: detention)  Negative Punishment – The removal of something pleasant following an undesired behavior.  (for example: Being grounded for bad grades. Removal of freedom to choose what to do with one’s own leisure)

Positive Punishment  Here is a great example of Positive Punishment in Operant Conditioning from the show “The Big Bang Theory”: JZi-U