THE ISLAM AND AL-ANDALUS

THE ISLAM ● Muslims are monotheists. They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah. ● Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the word of God. ● His prophet is called Muhammad. He went to The Meca in 622 (this is their year 1)

THE MOSQUE

THE SPANISH CONQUEST Islam in the Iberian Peninsula: Al-Andalus The conquest of the Iberian Peninsula begun in the beginning of the 7th century It started a long period which had a great influence on the language, the culture and the life of the Hispanic society.

AL-ANDALUS Al-Andalus became a province of Damasco and the capital was established in Cordoba In the middle of the 8th century, the last member of the Umayyads, Abd-al-Rahmán I (756 – 788), came to live to Al-Andalus. He split up with the Caliphate of Bagdad and proclaimed himself as independent one. Al-Andalus lived a great economic and cultural period during the 10th century.

GRANADA After the fall of the Umayyad caliphate, Al-Andalus was fragmented into a number of minor states and principalities, mainly the Emirate of Granada Attacks from the Christian Castillian intensified, led by Alfonso VI In 1085, Alfonso VI captured Toledo, starting a gradual Muslim decline. With the fall of Córdoba in 1236, the Emirate of Granada was the only Muslim territory in what is now Spain In 1238, the Emirate of Granada officially became a tributary state to the Kingdom of Castile Boabdil surrendered the Emirate of Granada to the Catholic Monarchs on 2 nd January 1492

Science Islamic teaching encouraged the knowledge that helped to improve people’s lives Muslims translated works from Ancient Greece and Egypt They developed astronomy Islamic scientists developed new experimental techniques and alchemy Islamic medicine was based in the Greek model They used herbal medicines

Mathematics They were interested in different number systems They developed algebra and geometry which was important in architecture and other technologies They used geometry to decorate buildings

Technology They improved water technology and agriculture They also contributed to the development of the manufacture of paper, scientific instruments and machines