1. Chapter Ten-Contributions of Muslims to World Civilization

2. 10.2 The Flowering of Islamic Civilization
Abbasid-Member of a Muslim ruling family descended from the Abbas, an uncle of Muhammad.
Fatimid Dynasty-A Muslim ruling family in Egypt and Northern Africa that was descended from Fatimah, Muhammad’s daughter.

3. 10.3 City Building and Architecture
The City of Baghdad, known as the “round city”, was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and took 100,000 architects, workers and craftspeople four years to build.
Mosque- Muslim house of worship.

4. 10.4 Scholarship and Learning
Scholarship and Learning were highly valued in Islamic culture.
“The ink of scholars is more precious than the blood of martyrs.” -Muhammad
In Baghdad, the House of Wisdom, established in 830 C.E., brought scholars from around the world to translate texts from Greece, Persia, India, and China.
Cordoba, Spain and Cairo, Egypt also became great centers for learning.

5. 10.5 Science and Technology
zoology- the scientific study of animals
evolution- the process by which different kinds of animals and other living things develop.
astronomy- the science of the stars, planets, and other objects in the universe.
astrolabe-instrument used to observe and measure the position of the sun and other heavenly bodies.
Great advancements and developments made in irrigation, aqueducts and underground wells.

7. 10.6 Geography and Navigation
Muslim scientists believed that the Earth was round and calculated its circumference (the distance around a sphere.)
Scholars produced a world atlas.
10.7 Mathematics
Algebra- a branch of mathematics that solves problems involving unknown numbers.
Muslims spread the Indian concept of zero.
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9. 10.8 Medicine
Muslim doctors established the world’s first hospitals. Anyone who needed care could get it, and they were centers of learning.
pharmacist- A person who prepares medications for use in healing.

11. 10.9 Bookmaking and Literature
Paper making originated in China, and inspired Muslims to make many books.
mysticism-a form of religious belief and practice involving sudden insight and intense experiences of God.

13. 10.10 Art and Music
Artists rejected images of humans and animals in their art, and turned to shapes and patterns found in nature.
Calligraphy- the art of beautiful handwriting
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15. 10.11 Recreation
Polo and chess were popular with Muslims.
Chess was probably invented in India, but Muslims adapted and improved the game.