1. Unit 2 Expanding Zones of Exchange (500-1200)
Global History II Review

2. Gupta Empire (320-550) Hinduism strongly influenced people
Efficient government (bureaucracy)
Caste System organized society
Untouchables were at the bottom (outcasts)
Scientific Contributions
Mathematics: Concept of Zero, Numbers
Medicine
Architecture
Literature

3. Tang and Song Dynasties
Chinese Dynasties ( ) ( )
Conquered territory and made tributary states
Highly educated ruling class
Social Structure:Gentry, Peasants, Merchants
Expanded trade
Built Canals to encourage trade and transp.
Literature and Arts developed
Huge influence on Japan

4. Byzantine Empire and Russia
Preserved and spread Greco-Roman culture
Justinian’s Code (updated Roman laws)
Engineering and Architectural achievements
Used Roman engineering knowledge
Built large churches
Art: Mosaics and Icons
Orthodox Christian Church
Split from the Roman Catholic Church

5. Byzantine Empire and Russia
Russia (800s- present)
Early trade center of Kiev emerged
Written language developed by Christian Byzantine missionaries
Developed Orthodox Christianity
Autocratic government (Czars= Caesars)
Adopted much from the Byzantine Empire

6. Islamic Civilization Spread of Islam Islamic Law
Caliph is a successor to Muhammad
Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Sicily, India and Southeast Asia
Trade networks and conquest
Islamic Law
Sharia is law regulating all aspects of life
Sunni and Shi’a split over disagreement on caliph’s authority

7. Islamic Civilization Society Islam’s Golden Age
Permitted social mobility
Tolerant of other religions in conquered lands
Women enjoyed more freedoms than Europe
Islam’s Golden Age
Preserved Greco-Roman culture
Encouraged Education
Art, Literature, and Medicine flourished

8. Islamic Civilization Mathematics and Science Christian Europe
Development of Algebra and Astronomy
Christian Europe
Islam expanded to Spain and Sicily
Crusades fought between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Lands (Jerusalem)

9. Medieval Europe Middle Ages (500-1450s) Franks
Emerged as small independent kingdoms after the fall of the Roman Empire
Franks
Germanic empire developed in (France)
Charlemagne became Holy Roman Emperor
Encouraged learning

10. Medieval Europe Feudalism Manorialism
Political system using land for loyalty
Social Structure
King, Nobles, Knights, Peasants
Knights lived by a code of Chivalry (loyalty)
Manorialism
Economic system structured around lord’s manor or estate
Peasants (serfs) work the land, lord protects

11. Medieval Europe Church in Medieval Life Cultural Achievements
Church hierarchy similar to feudal society
Church was most important thing in life
Church had more power than kings
Cultural Achievements
Literature developed
Gothic architecture developed

12. Crusades Causes Effects Byzantine Empire was fighting Muslim Turks
Pope wanted to increase power
Nobles wanted to gain wealth and land
Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
Effects
Increased trade between Europe and Asia
Expanded learning of Greco-Roman culture
Power of the Church decreased