written form of a language literary tradition
form of a language spoken in a local area dialect
a group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages language branch
language family group of languages that share a common ancestor before recorded history
2nd largest language family Sino-Tibetan
roots of language trees below the surface represent possible prehistoric super families
the trunks of trees depict language families
Germanic invaders of England Saxons, Jutes, and Angles
Angles and Normans contributed to the development of the English language because they invaded England
Why is English the most important language of North America? the diffusion of English colonies
The first speakers of the language that evolved into English were tribes that lived in present-day Denmark.
English is part of the __________________ language group. West-Germanic
English is part of the ____________________ language branch. Germanic
Which group of the Germanic family is extinct? East-Germanic
Why has the Icelandic language changed very little? Isolation from other places
English is part of which language family? Indo-European
the results of Isolation causes a language to become two languages when people migrate and become isolated from other members of their group the results of Isolation causes a language to become two languages
Italian, French, Romanian, Portuguese, and Spanish Romance languages Italian, French, Romanian, Portuguese, and Spanish
the language spoken throughout the Roman Empire by soldiers Vulgar Latin
widely spoken language in Brazil Portuguese
mix of indigenous and colonial languages creolized language
most widely spoken Indo-European language is English
four most frequently spoken branches of Indo-European Germanic, Romance, Indo-Iranian, and Balto-Slavic
2 most important languages of South America Portuguese and Spanish
Flemings and Walloons live in Belgium.
Flemings and Walloons speak languages that belong to different language branches.
official languages of Switzerland Romansh, French, Italian, and German
Russian/language branch Balto-Slavic
most important language of Pakistan Urdu
Celtic languages revived in parts of the British Isles, spoken in France, threatened by extinction in England, and extensive body of literature.
Marija Gimbutas theory points to the first speakers of Indo-European as the Kurgans
from present day Russia and Kazakhstan The Kurgans from present day Russia and Kazakhstan
Basque is spoken primarily in the Pyrenees Mountains.
according to Colin Rehfrew’s Indo-European language diffused across Europe with the diffusion of agriculture. This is the Anatolian hearth theory.
Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European world’s largest language families
language family encompassing the Peoples Republic of China Sino-Tibetan
language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world Mandarin language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world
Chinese is written in the form of ideograms
example of a revived language Hebrew example of a revived language
Indo-European language is spoken here Bulgaria Indo-European language is spoken here
2nd most widely spoken language family in Europe Uralic 2nd most widely spoken language family in Europe
individual languages in Africa resulted primarily from thousands of years of isolation between tribal groups
most important language family in Sub-Saharan Africa is Niger-Congo
distinction of African languages linguist continue to add newly discovered languages to the African list
mutually understood language by people who have different native languages lingua franca
development of different dialects in England different Germanic invaders settled in different regions
differences in British and American English pronunciation, prevalent dialects, vocabulary, and spelling
Which immigrants to the American colonies had the most diverse backgrounds? Middle Atlantic
boundary between language regions isogloss
use of English in the French language franglais