1. Chapter 5
Language

2. What is a Dialect?
Dialect - a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.
Explanation - Can be defined regionally(topolect), socially(sociolect), or ethnically(ethnolect). Every language has some form of dialect. A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. A standard dialect is one supported by institutions. A nonstandard dialect is one that is not supported institutionally.
Example - Some dialects of English: Standard American English, Standard Canadian English, Standard Indian English, Standard British English, also; Southern American English and Western American English.

3. Why is English spoken differently around the world?
English is spoken differently around the world because of isolation between its speakers.
For example, English colonists spread the English language to the Western hemisphere. English speakers in the United Kingdom and the United States are separated by the Atlantic Ocean. The two countries have varied pronunciations and spellings of words, like the word “color” in the US and “colour” in the UK.
Atlantic Ocean

4. What languages have been extinct, but have been revived? (cont.)
Celtic Languages
Before the Angles, Jutes and Saxons invaded the British Isles, its major languages were from the Celtic language branch. Welsh, Cornish, and Gaelic are a few examples of languages steadily being revived. Welsh is being made mandatory to learn in schools in Wales, and Cornish is taught in grade school, and public media, like the BBC (British Broadcasting Channel).

5. What is a language family, language group, and language branch?
Language Family - A collection of languages that all came from a common ancestor before recorded history
Language Branch - A collection of languages that originated and broke off from a common ancestor several thousand years ago
Language Group - A set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similarities
Language families are the largest of the three and encompass the most amount of languages and and people
Language groups are the smallest, and the languages have few differences in spelling, tone, and pronunciation

6. Language Tree (Families,Branches, and Groups)

7. What are the largest language families?
The largest and most widespread family is the Indo European family.
It is spoken by about 50% of the world
Mostly spoken by people in North America, South America, Europe, and Australia, but is also widely used in other places around the world and is the official language of many African and some Asian countries. (mostly English)
The second largest is the Sino Tibetan family, in which 20% of the world speaks
mostly spoken in South East Asia and China
has the world most spoken language - Mandarin
Final 30% of the world speaks languages of the Afro - Asiatic, Niger Congo, Altaic, or Austronesian Families

8. The Normans(French) and Angles (German)both invaded England
How did the Normans and the Angles contribute to the development of English?
The Normans(French) and Angles (German)both invaded England
The Angles arrived in England
in the 5th century and ruled
until the Norman invasion in the 11th
century
Examples- Angles brought
words for animals (deer) and
Normans brought words for
meats (venison)

9. What Branch and Group does English belong to?
English belongs to the
Germanic Language
Group and the Indo-European
Branch
English has the largest
number of native speakers in
the Germanic language group
with around 341 million native speakers

10. What is a Creolized language?
A Creolized language is a language that results from the mixing of a colonizers language with an indigenous language of the people being dominated

11. What is an Isogloss?
Isogloss- a boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate(Textbook Definition)
An isogloss can also be the boundary
that separates pronunciation of vowels
or what word is used for an object
Example-In the US depending on where you are carbonated drinks may be called soda, pop, coke or soft drink

12. What is Spanglish and Franglais?
The mix of Spanish(or french) with English.
Pidgin language: A simplified form of a language that serves as communications between two groups that do not share a common language.
Can usually relate more to French, Spanish, English, depending on the location.