By Luann Nguyen

O ttoman Empire it is one of the most powerful empires. It s land started on Anatolian Peninsula. This land was granted to them by the Seljuk Turks. The land that was controlled, was most of Europe, Asia, and Africa. This land was taken by mostly force. The Ottomans had very fierce warriors. They were named Janissary, at first they were Christians, but then they converted to Islam. The reason why the Ottomans kept their land strong was that they had powerful leaders. The Ottomans wanted to take over Constantinople, so Mehmed II marched to Constantinople. That time was April 6, By the time of May 29, 1253 Constantinople was taken down by Mehmed II. Mehmed II renamed the city Istanbul, it became the Ottomans new capital. In the city the ottoman ruler was called the sultan. After Mehmed II died other sultans kept up with the empire. Mehmed II

T he most biggest accomplishment for the Ottomans were that they conquered almost all of the greatest cities in their area. Those cities were Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, ect. Besides that they were very successful in art and architecture. Many Muslims built works of arts and wrote many thoughtful poetries. In their society it was so peaceful and nice. Many different arts represented the communities. The people that were rich were generous and built hospitals, schools, and mosques for the community. Their were different religions around, the Christians had their own place to worship god and Muslims had their own space too. They also had achievements in weapons. They had their modern day gun power. Along with that came cannons that helped defeat the city of Constantinople. Harems were households that weren’t going to allow men and women together. Beautiful Paintings

R eligion was a big part of the society and city. It was part of everyday lives for them. The society differed two different religions. It was Islam and Christianity. The people that were Islam accepted the beliefs of the Christians. The society was not stricken with the large amount of taxes. In fact the officials had a reasonable amount of pay taxes. The officials also provided the empire with armies to be protected. The religion helped many people be on the right path. Islam shaped a Muslims world, the hadiths helped Muslims with their life and important choices. In the society their were ruling classes. They had 4 main classes and those were: peasants, artisans, merchants, and pastoral people. The society was holding on for a while but at a certain point things broke out. The power of the officials died out and the sons and daughters of the elite got the power. They tried to gain more fortune but all that lead to was corruption in the society. Islam and Christianity

I t all started when Shah Ismail. He took control of the land in Iran and Iraq. An d from there the Safavid Empire started. The empire soon expanded from Azerbaijan to the southern north border of Russia. Shah Abba ruled from 1588 to He brought the empire to its greatest height. He was the one to attack the Ottomans because they took the Safavid’s land. Shah Abba had help from European friends because they thought that Shah Abba would get back the land they lost. Thanks to Shah Ismail he started the Safavid Empire. The land that was first ruled by the Safavid’s was Persia. They were able to survive and actually live the life. Because they didn’t have to worry about enemies attacking, if they did Abba armies would kill them. Abba soldiers were strong and skilled. They were trained like the Ottomans. The capital of the Safavid Empire was Esfahan. Shah Ismail

T hey were very much like the Ottomans because they also had the advancement of gun powder. But their was several things that the Safavid had that was better than the ottomans. And that was the making of ceramics, metal goods, and mainly things that were made of steel. Their economy was wealthy because of the trade. More importantly Abbas was encouraging people to make goods that only them made. Persians rug were very popular back then. And since it was Abbas wanted them to be made to export. Rizi-i-Abassi was the most famous artist at that time. His works we favored by so many people. Even objects like a pencil or elephant were so beautiful that you were speechless. Not only that they had silk. Silk was woven by hand were valued a lot. A man about to fire the cannon

T he religion was Islam but they had different beliefs. They believed in Shiism. They believed in it even though their were many Sunnis in their society. The society was thriving with wealth because of the trading and exporting done in the city. They had a comfortable society but then things got bad. The empire got invaded by the Uzbeks and Ottomans. They were attacked on both sides. They didn’t have enough soldiers to fight back so chaos arose through the city too. This was during the 1700s. Anyways the society and how it was like was that it had sort of a Persian mix with it. Traditions were combined together. The goods they sold did help them but not by much. Safavids were very skilled at many things. They were admired by so many people that bought the Safavids goods. The society worshiped beliefs each day. They established a major Islamic civilization from the successful trades they had done. Map of Safavid Empire

I t all started with Babur he was the one to find the Mogul empire. The empire that started off was not large. But soon it ended up being almost all of India. He tried to make an empire in Central Asia but it didn’t work out so he decided to start in India. His empire was soon expanded by the new emperor Akbar. This was during the 1500s. Akbar conquered so many new lands. He added them to the empire. Akbar was a great ruler he took taxes of non Muslims. He believed that no religion had all the right answers. He established new laws for the society to follow. Years later new emperors replaced him. These emperors changed those laws that were developed by Akbar. He banned non Muslim beliefs. He even forced non Muslims to pay taxes. This made non Muslims mad So because of this they revolted against the emperor. They sent war elephants to attack those who threatened them. War Elephants

I n this empire the achievements of products were none because of the cultural differences and fights no products were made because people had fights with each other almost all the time. But Akbar did succeed in getting the Muslims and Hindus to work and live together. Because of this the cultures in the empire was different and unique. The buildings in the society were different and special because it had a combination of Persian, Muslim, and Hindu. The most famous structure that was built by Shah Jahan the grandson of Akbar. He built this structure called Taj Mahal for his wife It was perfected by workers all over Central Asia and India. The goods in India were plenty but they did not often export or trade because they were busy stopping the revolts of non- Muslims. The harsh policies set by later leaders led to many revolts and fights in the community. Several artists in the society did rise and gain popularity. They had beautiful portraits that were even life size! Taj Mahal

T he amount people in the Mogul Empire were mostly Muslims. Their were those who were Hindu. Akbar was ok with Hindu religion but when other leaders replaced him things changed. Non-Muslims were hated and were charged with special taxes. The community and society was thriving with goods and peace. But it didn’t last that way forever. In the late 1600s the Mogul Empire and society was lacking the right ruler and protection. It wasn’t safe to just walk around on the streets. Many Hindus formed groups to riot against leaders that disliked their religion and beliefs. The leaders made rules about the religions. When Akbar ruled things were great because he understood the different religions even though he was Muslim. The empire was strict but that helped the society be in a good shape. Akbar