1. The Muslim World Expands
Chapter 18

2. Section 1-The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire

3. The Turks Move into Byzantium
Ghazis-Anatolian Turks who saw themselves as warriors for Islam
Ottomans-Followers of Osman who was considered the most successful of the ghazis
Achieved military success with the aid of gun powder
Some of the 1st people to use cannons

4. The Turks Move into Byzantium
Sultan-Meaning ‘overlord’ or “one with power”
Life under the Ottomans
Used local officials appointed by the sultan to rule conquered areas
Muslims served in the Turkish army and pay religious taxes
Non-Muslims did not have to serve in the army but paid a small tax in return

5. The Turks Move into Byzantium
Timur the Lame-
Received the nickname after taking an arrow to the leg
Burned Baghdad to the ground
Crushed the Ottomans in the Battle of Ankara (1402)

6. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion
Mehmed II-
Nicknamed Mehmed the Conqueror
Attacked Constantinople
Fired a 1,200lb bolder out of a 26-foot gun and ships
After conquering the city he renamed it Istanbul opened it up to Christians, Jews, Muslims, Turks and non-Turks

7. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion
Suleyman the Lawgiver-
Ruled for 46 years
Created penalties for various criminal acts, bureaucratic and financial corruption
Also introduced the concept of a balanced budget to governments

8. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion
Suleyman the Lawgiver-
Studied poetry, history, geography, astronomy, mathematics and architecture
B/c of Islamic law he was tolerant of other religions
Supported art and literature

9. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion
Devshirme System-System where members of the sultan’s army were drafted from the Christian boys of conquered territories.
Converted them to Islam and educated them
Janissaries-Elite force of 30,000 soldiers trained to be loyal only to the sultan.

10. Section 3-The Mughal Empire in India

12. Early History of the Mughals
Mughals-Term meaning “Mongols”
Group of nomadic invaders in Central Asia
1494-Babur inherits the kingdoms of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan at the age of 11
Swept down into India and laid the foundations for the Mughal Empire

13. Early History of the Mughals
Akbar-Ruled India from 1556 to 1605
Babur’s grandson
Ruled with wisdom and tolerance
Created his own religion the “Divine Faith”
He offended Muslims so much that they tried to revolt against him in 1581

14. Early History of the Mughals
Art and Literature-
Illustrated books flourished
Miniatures-Small highly detailed, colorful paintings
Hindu literature also saw a resurgence during Akbar’s time

15. Akbar’s Successors Shah Jahan-
Killed anyone who got in his way of being king
Had two great passions in life:
Beautiful buildings
His wife Mumtaz Mahal
Sadly she died at age 39 while giving birth to their 14th child

16. Akbar’s Successors
Taj Mahal-Towering marble dome built as a memorial to Mumtaz Mahal following her death
Referred to as the most beautiful building in the world

18. Akbar’s Successors Aurangzeb- Shah Jahan’s 3rd son
Took power when Shah became sick
Expanded the Mughal Empire to it’s greatest size
Oppressed the people
Strict Islamic law banned gambling, drinking, and other vices
Taxed non-Muslims and was cruel to Hindus

19. The Empire’s Decline and Decay
Reasons for the Empire’s Decline-
Aurangzeb had drained it’s resources
2 million people died of hunger
As central power weakened the power of local lords grew
The power of western traders began to increase