1. Turn in Salem Witch Crisis DBQ

2. 4:19 Islamic Gunpowder Empires

3. Gunpowder Empires
Gunpowder Empires—Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires
Tied together by violence, gunpowder, and Islam
Replaced Tamerlane’s Mongol khanates
Ghazi ideal—model of a nomadic Islamic holy warrior

4. The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire ( )—largest, longest lasting gunpowder empire, capital at Istanbul
Barbary pirates—north African pirates; captured European slaves and sold them to Ottoman elites
devshirme system—Christian boys taken as slaves to guard Ottoman emperors
Jannisaries—soldiers in the Ottoman army, given guns

5. The Ottoman Empire strongest Middle Eastern economy
controlled North African slave and gold trade
coffeehouses held business deals, poetry readings, scholarly debates

6. The Ottoman Empire Social classes favored a warrior aristocracy
sultan and his viziers—advisors
military, ulama—scholars of Islamic law, merchants
peasants and slaves
harem politics—wives and concubines of the sultan, promoted their sons as heirs to the throne
Results in tax exempt upperclass

7. The Ottoman Empire
Mehmed II ( )—conquered Istanbul, built Topkapi Palace
Suleiman the Magnificent ( )— reformed the Ottoman legal system, expanded navy, raided Christian Europe
Last great ruler; Ottoman Empire became known as “The Sick Man of Europe” after

10. The Safavid Empire
Safavid Empire ( )—the middle Gunpowder Empire founded by Ismail Safavi
weak navy and no natural defenses
Modern Iran, Iraq
Shah Ismail ( )—mandated all of the empire convert to Shia Islam

12. The Safavid Empire
Shah Abbas I ( )—ruled Safavid Empire at its height
used European weapons and strategies
Built capital at Isfahan far from Ottoman Empire (Sunnis)
Decline: rebellion by Sunnis in present- day Afghanistan who sacked Isfahan
Ottomans and Russia seized territory

13. Mughal India
Mughal Empire ( )—India under Muslim rule, capital at Delhi
Babur ( )—founded the Mughal Empire, descendent of Genghis Khan and Tamurlane
Akbar the Great ( )—tolerant, attempted to resolve Muslim-Hindu conflicts
tried to eliminate child marriage and sati
zamindars—govt officials in charge of taxes, construction, water; paid in land

14. Mughal India Shah Jahan (1627-1658)—built the Taj Mahal
Aurangzeb ( )—spread empire into south of India, forced conversion to Islam
killed brothers to inherit the throne
spending and peasant uprisings caused empire to collapse
British and French traders begin taking political power in India