1. Muslim Empires p

2. I. Ottoman Empire
A. Ottoman Turks take over Byzantine Empire (mid 1200’s). Ruled E. Europe to N. Africa to Arabia
B. Good army
1. Janissaries: Christian boys of conquered towns converted & trained into soldiers
2. Gunpowder weapons, esp. Cannons

3. C Mehmed II conquered Constantinople & changed name to Istanbul. Hagia Sophia converted to mosque
D. Later sultan conquered Syria ,
Egypt, Mecca & Medina

4. E. Suleyman I “The Magnificent” control E.Mediterranean into Europe
F. Cultural peak

5. G. Government
Sultan issued laws (based on Shariah & Sultan’s decisions)
H. Society
Judges & advisers Other People
loyal to sultan Christians & Jews
Muslim form comm. (Millets)
Ottoman customs

6. I. Women’s freedom limited
lived separate in harem
out of public life
J. Some rights: own property or business

7. II. Safavid Empire B. Conflict with Ottomans C. Shia vs. Sunni
A. Persian Muslims from East
B. Conflict with Ottomans
C. Shia vs. Sunni

8. D. 150l Esma’il conquered Persia and took title of Shah (or king)
1. official religion (on threat of death)
2. Battled Uzbeks
3. Defeated by Ottomans

9. E. Shah ‘Abbas
1. modern gunpowder weapons
2. trained conquered boys as warriors
defeated Uzbeks
3. contributed to culture & economy

10. F. Culture & Economy
1. blended Persian & Muslim traditions
2. built mosques in Esfahan (capital)
3. encouraged traditional products goods)
4. trade brought wealth

11. III. Mughal Empire A. Turkish Muslims from Central Asia
B. Babur (tiger)
1. grew empire
2. conquered
3. religious tolerance
a. eliminated tax on non-Muslims. b. Included Hindus in government

12. D. 1600’s new emperor not tolerant
1. destroyed Hindu temples
2. persecuted non-Muslims
3. sent war elephants to crush protesting Sikhs
4. brought about violent revolts

13. E. Cultural Development: blended
building structures
F. Taj Mahal – built by Shah Jahan in for wife’s tomb