Chapter 16: First Global Age - Europe, the Americas, & Africa Section 1: Conquest in the Americas Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America Section 3: Struggle For North America

Section 1: Conquest in the Americas In 1492 , Christopher Columbus landed in the West Indies At first the Native Americans were friendly and generous toward the Spanish However these feelings did not last

Section 1: Conquest in the Americas The Spanish soon forced the Indians to work for them Many Indians died from cruel treatment

Section 1: Conquest in the Americas Many Spanish conquistadors, or conquerors followed Columbus to the Americas They came to find riches They wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity Within a few years the Spanish had conquered many Native American civilizations

Section 1: Conquest in the Americas Hernan Cortes defeated the powerful Aztec empire Francisco Pizarro destroyed the Incan empire in Peru

Section 1: Conquest in the Americas The Spanish were able to conquer these empires quickly for several reasons Weapons Horses Advanced weaponry Native American Allies Diseases Killed millions Made Native Americans believe their gods had deserted them

Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America The Spanish introduced new forms of government, religion, economy, and culture to the Americas Government = King Religion = Christianity Economy = Plantation System Culture = Class Structure

Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America Government = King The Spanish King picked people he trusted to run the colonial governments He allowed the colonies to trade only with Spain

Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America Religion = Christianity Church leaders helped to run the government They also worked to convert Native Americans to Christianity

Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America Economy = Plantation System Growing sugar cane became a large business At first, Native Americans were forced to work on sugar plantations Plantation - large estates run by an owner or overseer They were treated cruelly and many died The first slaves from Africa were brought in by the Spanish to replace the Native American workforce

Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America Culture = Class Structure Most Power Fewest People Peninsularies (people born in Spain) Creoles (people of European decent born in the colonies Mestizos (people of mixed Native American & European descent) Mulattoes (people of mixed African & European descent) Native American & people of African Descent

Section 3: Struggle For North America During the late 1600s, the French settled Canada They called their colony New France Settlers their were traders and fur trappers They worked and lived with Native Americans

French fur trapper

Section 3: Struggle For North America England also set up colonies in North America Large numbers of settlers came to these colonies Some came to make a profit Others hope to own land for the first time Some, like the Pilgrim sought religious freedom

Section 3: Struggle For North America The English kings wanted to keep strict control over their colonies However, the English allowed their colonies to have more freedom than did the French or Spanish

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Section 3: Struggle For North America English colonists were allowed a measure of self-government Each colony had an assembly, or legislature Its members were elected by men who owned property in the colony The assembly advised the Royal Governor and made laws

Section 3: Struggle For North America During the 1700s, France and Britain (England) fought for power and territory all over the world In the Americas they fought each other in the French & Indian War The British finally won in 1763

Section 3: Struggle For North America In the Treaty of Paris (1763), France was forced to give up Canada Thus England gained control of much of North American

Section 3: Struggle For North America The Big Idea: During the 1700s, England and France claimed lands in North America They fought numerous wars, in which England was eventually victorious

The Columbian Exchange The Age of Exploration is a turning point in history because it altered the way people lived across the world The biggest aspect of this change deals with the exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas, and technology

The Columbian Exchange This is known as the Columbian Exchange, because it starts with Columbus.  While many aspects of this exchange had positive effects, such as the exchange of foods between Europe and America, there were also negative effects, such as the exchange of diseases between Europe and America

From Old World to New World From New World to Old World Columbian Exchange From Old World to New World From New World to Old World wheat sugar bananas rice grapes horses pigs cattle sheep chickens smallpox measles typhus corn potato beans peanuts squash pumpkin tomatoes avocados chili pepper pineapple cocoa tobacco quinine (a medicine for malaria)

The Columbian Exchange The Age of Discovery changed the world Access to new and better foods allowed the European population to grow, and access to the New World gave these people a place to go

The Columbian Exchange New World civilizations such as the Inca and Aztecs, faced near total destruction of their cultures either through disease brought by the Europeans, or by colonization

The Columbian Exchange Africa faced a Diaspora, or forced movement of its people, as slavery became the dominant labor force in the Americas The Age of Exploration was both a positive and negative experience for many civilizations.