1. Spanish North America
Ch. 1
Section 2
Columbus

2. The Goal
Columbus hoped to find a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic
Read “A Personal Voice” on p. 14
What is the other motive?

3. Columbus October 1492 Columbus reached what he thought were the Indies
A series of islands off the coast of Asia
He referred to the people as, los indios (Indians)
He actually reached islands in the Caribbean
Cuba and Hispaniola

4. Columbus
Thrilled with his discoveries, the Spanish monarchs funded 3 more voyages
New goal: colonize the new lands
Europeans had already colonized other lands, so they knew the ropes

5. Columbus Spain’s Plan: Profit from a plantation system
Using natives as forced labor
Use innovative European weaponry to dominate the native peoples

6. Impact on Native Americans
Devastated by the arrival of the Europeans
No immunity to diseases: measles, mumps, chickenpox, smallpox, typhus
Killed by the thousands

7. Impact on Africans
As Native Americans were killed by disease, new work force was needed
Beginning of the Atlantic slave trade
Devastated many West African societies
By the 1800s, more than 10 million Africans were taken as slaves

8. Impact on Europeans
Europeans migrated to the new land by the thousands
Searched for a new life
National rivalries were created in Europe
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the Western Hemisphere between them

9. Trade Columbian Exchange
Global transfer of goods that continues today
See p. 15
Many new Spanish explorers made voyages to the Americas in search of gold and silver
These conquistadors conquered much of the Americas

10. Hernando Cortes Landed in Mexico in 1519 Montezuma
Learned of the wealthy Aztec Empire
Montezuma
Aztec Emperor, believed Cortes was a god
Agreed to give a portion of the gold to the Spaniards
Cortes forced the Aztec to mine for more gold and silver
The Aztec rebelled
Cortes and his men stoned Motezuma before being repelled by the Aztec

11. Hernando Cortes Cortes returned to Tenochtitlan with native allies
Aztecs were weakened by diseases
Spaniards burned the city after several months of fighting

12. Spanish Conquest Lived among the natives
Hoped to impose their culture on them
Intermarried with native women, formed a mestizo population
Mixed Spanish and Native American
Forced them into labor
Encomienda system
Natives worked the land and mined for Spanish landlords

13. Against Encomiendas
Not all Europeans agreed with the harsh treatment of the natives
Read “Personal Voice” p. 18
In 1542, Spanish monarchy abolished the Encomienda system
However, it was still practiced long after this
Began using enslaved Africans to meet their labor needs
Picture: Statue of Fray Antonio de Montesinos

14. Spain’s Golden Age
After the conquest of the wealthy Inca Empire in South America, Spain had gained a vast empire

15. Missions Missions were set up to convert the natives to Christianity
Spread throughout the empire, especially in Mexico and the Southwest
Many still stand today and are used
See the typical mission on p. 19

16. Negative Effects of the Missions
Separated from families and culture
If you converted to Christianity, you were required to live inside the mission
Those who tried to leave were punished
Gave up self-government
Adopted European culture
Dress, food, etc.
Forced labor and abused
Not allowed to practice their own religion

17. Resistance Pueblo religious leader, Pope
Led an organized uprising against the Spanish in 1680
Destroyed Catholic churches, killed settlers and priests
Regained control for 12 years until the Spanish recaptured the area
In 1588, England defeated the Spanish Armada (naval fleet)
No longer did Spain dominate the Atlantic
England began to colonize North America
Picture: Defeat of the Spanish Armada, which was designed to invade England

18. In-class Activity/HW Primary Source  In-Depth Resources
The Journal of Christopher Columbus

19. Video Clip
The Explorers: Columbus
20 min.