1. New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan]
Hartman Astrolabe (1532)
Mariner’s Compass
Sextant

2. New Weapons Technology

3. 3.2 New Spanish Claims, Slavery, and Exchange
How did Spain wipe out the Natives and gain colonies?
How did African Slavery Start?
Where did different goods come from in terms of trade?

4. I. The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II

5. The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa

6. Other Significant Conquistadors
Ponce de Leon- Florida?
Balboa- Northern section of S. America
Coronado- Cali
All were looking for El Dorado – the City of Gold.

7. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Official European Colony!
Explorers
Conquistadores
Official European Colony!
Missionaries
Permanent Settlers

8. Encomienda System
A colonist was given a certain amount of land and number of Native Americans to work the land. In exchange they had to teach them about Christianity.
Mestizos (NA) and later Mulattos (A)
Population loss.

9. II. Slavery- Ironic Cause
Bartolome de Las Casas- upset with the encomienda system he promoted the use of Africans.
Why?

10. The Slave Trade Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans.
Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans.
Sugar cane & sugar plantations.
First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518.
275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries.
Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

11. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

12. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

13. Slave Ship
“Middle Passage”

14. “Coffin” Position Below Deck

15. African Captives Thrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships!

16. III. The “Columbian Exchange”
Squash
Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
Tobacco
Quinine
Cocoa
Pineapple
Cassava
POTATO
Peanut
TOMATO
Vanilla
MAIZE
Syphilis
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
Olive
COFFEE BEAN
Banana
Rice
Onion
Turnip
Honeybee
Barley
Grape
Peach
SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear
Wheat
HORSE
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Smallpox
Flu
Typhus
Measles
Malaria
Diptheria
Whooping Cough

17. Treasures from the Americas!

18. The Colonial Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
Black Slaves

19. Impact of European Expansion
Native populations ravaged by disease.
Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”]
New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”].
Deepened colonial rivalries.