T HE O VARIES And the Corresponding Hormones and Gland By: Caitlin Beamer, Katie Waito, and Heather Campbell

L OCATION OF G LAND  Behind the Bladder  Near the Colon  On sides of the uterus  On the Fallopian Tubes  Has anchors

H ORMONES P RODUCED 2 Steroid Hormones 1. Estrogen Produced in the ovaries, liver, adrenal glands, and breasts 2. Progesterone Produced in the brain, ovaries, and in pregnant woman’s uteruses Found in milk

T ARGET C ELLS Target Cells- are cells that alter their genetic material in reaction to a hormone that binds to the cell’s protein receptors. Estrogen: Uterine cells, Lipid cells, Breast cancer cells Progesterone: Myometrium cells, PR-A, and PR-B cells

E FFECTS OF THE H ORMONES Estrogen Dominance – is when there is an imbalance of progesterone and estrogen, either high levels of estrogen or low levels of progesterone. Progesterone counter balances estrogen. Some effects of Estrogen Dominance  Headaches and anxiety  Poor sleep patterns  Impairs blood sugar control, at risk of blood clots  Reduces oxygen levels in cells  Increases risk of breast and prostate cancer

E FFECT OF THE H ORMONES C ONT ’ D Some effects of Lower levels of Estrogen  Relieves hot flashes  Improves memory  Improves sleeping disorders Some effects of Normal levels of Estrogen  Enlarges breasts and hips  Decreases growth rate  Increases metabolic rate  Thickens the uterine lining  Stimulates the endometrium  Lubricates the vagina  Skin and bone health

E FFECT OF THE H ORMONES C ONT ’ D Some effects of Normal Progesterone Levels  Improves voice tone  Stimulates new bone production  Restores proper oxygen levels in cells  Decreases risk for cancer Some effects of Excess Progesterone Levels  Over Tired  Depression  Digestive Problems Some effects of Lower Progesterone Levels  Increase of heart, gall bladder, and autoimmune diseases  Increases risk of certain cancers

T RIGGERS / C ONTROLS  Estrogen is stimulated by the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)  FSH is controlled by another hormone called gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)  Progesterone is stimulated by the luteinizing hormone (LH)  LH is also stimulated by GnRH Hypothalamus ---> GnRH --->Pituitary --->FSH---> Folicle ---> Estrogen Hypothalamus ---> GnRH ---> Pituitary ---> LH---> Corpus luteum ---> Progesterone

T RIGGERS / C ONTROLS C ONT ’ D et/BiologyPages/S/SexHormones.html# Regulation

C OMPLICATIONS Extreme Lack of Estrogen Lack of periods Hot flashes Thinning, wrinkling and general aging of skin Libido, vaginal dryness Mood swings Osteoporosis More likely for heart disease

C OMPLICATIONS C ONT ’ D Extreme Lack of Progesterone Anxiety/ depression Malfunctioning thyroid gland Increased risk of uterine cancer

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