1. Reproduction and Heredity
Chapter 18
Reproduction and Heredity

2. The Endocrine System
Endocrine glands- glands that produce and release chemicals
Hormones- chemical substances produced by endocrine glands.

3. The Pituitary Gland small gland at the base of the brain
Controls growth rate, metabolism, and reproduction
Called the “master gland” because it regulates many other endocrine glands

4. Hypothalamus Controls the pituitary gland
Regulates body temperature, use of water, and blood pressure
Oversees many of the hormone levels in the body

5. Adrenal Glands
Produce hormones that affect the functioning of your kidneys, your metabolism, and your response to stressful situations
Adrenaline – hormone important in the fight or flight response

6. Thyroid Gland Releases a hormone that regulates metabolism
Releases a hormone that regulates the amount of calcium in the blood

7. Parathyroid Gland
4 tiny glands attached to the back of the thyroid that regulates levels of calcium and phosphorus.

8. Pancreas Located behind the stomach
Part of two systems – digestive and endocrine
In the endocrine it controls the level of sugar in the blood.
Improper function can cause: Diabetes—level of sugar too high or Hypoglycemia—level of sugar too low.

9. Thymus Function not thoroughly understood.
Plays a role in developing some of the body’s defenses against infection.

10. Reproduction and the Endocrine System
Ovaries – reproductive glands in females
Testes – reproductive glands in males
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone
Two hormones produced by the pituitary gland that begin that process of sexual maturation in adolescents

11. Reproduction and the Endocrine System
In males, testosterone and FSH control production of sperm, the male sex cells.
Testosterone is also responsible for developing and maintaining other male traits such as deepening voice and body hair
In females, two female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen are produced by the ovaries.
They are responsible for developing other female traits such as breast development and widening of the hips
In addition, progesterone and estrogen work with FSH and LH to produce ova or eggs.