2. ENDOCRINE PROJECT By: Katie Glaeser Melanie Olmedo 8 th January 13, 2014

3. Female Gonads (ovaries)  The female gonads (ovaries) are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus.

4. HORMONES MAJOR: ESTROGEN PROMOTES THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS PROGESTERONE PREPARE AND MAINTAIN THE BODY FOR PREGNANCY

5. Hormones Continued  Minor:  LH (luteinizing hormone)  triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum.  FSH(follicle stimulating hormone)  released by the anterior pituitary gland  HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin)  produced during pregnancy  GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)  released during a menstrual cycle or giving birth Relaxin produced during pregnancy

6. Steroid hormones: Estrogen and Progesterone Sex hormones: estrogen

7. Hormones Affect on the Body  The two hormones affect the body by controlling the development of female body characteristics such as:  Breasts  Body Shape  Body Hair  They also regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.  Increases growth of bones during adolescence that lead to adult height and proportions.

8. Homeostasis Progesterone is most active in females during ovulation and pregnancy where it maintains appropriate conditions in the human body to support a developing fetus.

9. Homeostasis Continued Estrogens- A loss contributes to Negative effects on the brain and homeostasis Estrogen helps improve blood flow to the brain and prevents Alzheimer disease Blocks the production of chemicals contributing to it. Increases the level of serotonin a chemical in the brain known to improve mood. A loss of estrogen can not only affect womens physical health but mental health as well

10. POSITIVE FEEDBACK: OCCURS BEFORE OVULATION ESTROGEN CAUSES THE RELEASE OF GNRH(GONADOTROPIN- RELEASING HORMONE) FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS LH(LUTEINIZING HORMONE) FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY LH CAUSES THE RELEASE OF ESTROGEN Causes Menstrual Cycles

11. Negative Feedback: Occurs after Ovulation Corpus luteum secretes progesterone because of the LH hormone Progesterone inhibits GnRH from the hypothalamus and LH from the anterior pituitary Stops Menstrual Cycles

12. Animation http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/anima tion__positive_and_negative_feedback__quiz_2_.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/anima tion__positive_and_negative_feedback__quiz_2_.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/anima tion__positive_and_negative_feedback__quiz_2_.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/anima tion__positive_and_negative_feedback__quiz_2_.html

13. OVARY FAILURE Hypogonadism Causes: genetic disorders, infection, liver and kidney disease, radiation Effects: no hormones are produced, no menstrual cycles Treatments: Hormone based medicines usually come in pills or skin patches.

14. Ovary Failure Continued

15. DISEASES

16. Diseases Continued

17. Sources http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8978 http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/reprod/female1.htm http://www.healthywomen.org/condition/progesterone http://www.menopauseatoz.com/00058.shtml http://www.ovarydisease.com/> http://www.medicinenet.com/ovarian_cancer/article.htm> http://www.medicinenet.com/polycystic_ovary/article.htm> http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001195.htm