2.  Produced by endocrine glands  Male endocrine glands = Testes  Female endocrine glands = Ovaries

3.  What happens when a male or female goes through puberty? Why?

4.  Testosterone Secondary Sex Characteristics = Enable body to produce gametes ◦ Lower pitch voice ◦ Causes the testicles to descend ◦ Changes in body form ◦ Growth of beard/body hair Throughout the life of a man, his body will continue to produce testosterone, although the production rate will decline in old age.  Females also produce testosterone ◦ Helps with osteoporosis & production of estrogen

5.  Estrogen & Progesterone – produced by ovaries  LH & FSH – produced by pituitary gland ◦ Luteinizing Hormone ◦ Follicle-Stimulating Hormone  Functions = 1. Secondary Sex Characteristics = enable body to produce gametes ◦ Development of breasts ◦ Change in body form ◦ Growth of body hair 2. Enable body to prepare for pregnancy **Men also produce estrogen and progesterone!!

6. 1. The release of a mature egg from a follicle 2. The preparation of the uterus for pregnancy

7.  Begins a puberty  Ends at menopause  “Normal” (average) cycle is 28 days  can vary greatly and is affected by illness, stress and other factors.

8.  Four stages: 1.Follicle stage 2.Ovulation 3.Corpus leutem stage 4.Menstruation

9.  Four stages: 1.Follicle stage: ◦ FSH stimulates maturation of egg in follicle. ◦ Estrogen from follicle stimulates uterine lining to thicken. ◦ This takes 10-14 days to complete

10.  Four stages: 2.Ovulation – ◦ Mature egg released from follicle. ◦ FSH inhibited by estrogen -> stimulates release of LH ◦ This happens around/on day 14.

11.  Four stages: 3.Corpus luteum stage – ◦ 10-12 days in length ◦ Burst follicle develops into corpus luteum -> produces progesterone ◦ Progesterone stimulates further thickening of uterine lining.

12.  Four stages: 4.Menstruation – ◦ occurs if no egg is fertilized. ◦ Progesterone secretion decreases ◦ Uterine lining degenerates ◦ Tissue/blood are discharged from body

13.  Estrogen  Progesterone

14.  FSH  LH