Friday, February 1, Chapter 7 Note-Taking Guide 2.What is a Memory? 3.Three Types of Memories 4.Exit Slip: Graphic Organizer Learning Target: Learn what the three types of memories are and understand the differences between them. Chapter 7 Pre/Post Reading Due Monday 2/4 (This is a MANDATORY assignment)

Monday, February 4, Collect Chapter 7 Pre-Post Reading Assignment 2.Review: Write down one NEW memory and what type you think it is 3.Discuss the three processes of memory 4.Discuss the three stages of memory Learning Targets: Learn what the three PROCESSES of memory are. Learn what the three STAGES of memory are. Chapter 7 Graphic Organizer (last page of notes) Due Wednesday 2/6 (This is an optional assignment) Chapter 7 Quest Friday, February 8

Tuesday, February 5, 2013 National Weatherman’s Day 1.Discuss Short-Term Memory 2.List demonstration 3.Discuss Long-Term Memory and Memory Tasks Learning Target: Learn what the three STAGES of memory are and how information moves from one stage to another Chapter 7 Graphic Organizer (last page of notes) Due Wednesday 2/6 (This is an optional assignment) Chapter 7 Quest Friday, February 8

Wednesday, February 6, Discuss types of forgetting 2.Talk about different ways to improve memory 3.Which work best? Learning Target: Learn about different types of forgetting and tactics to improve memory. Chapter 7 Quest Friday, February 8 Chapter 7 Review Due Friday 2/8 (This is an optional assignment)

Thursday, February 7, 2013 Review Activities: 1.Card Matches 2.Gallery Walk Learning Target: Review the terms and concepts of Memory Chapter 7 Quest Friday, February 8 STUDY! (Use those memory aids!!) Chapter 7 Review Due Friday 2/8 (This is an optional assignment)

Friday, February 6, 2013 Collect Review worksheet Chapter 7 Quest

Chapter 7 Memory

The Process by which we recollect events, general knowledge, and skills that we have learned

Three kinds of memory: 1.Episodic 2.Generic 3.Procedural

1. Episodic Memory A memory of a specific event that was experienced first-hand What you ate for dinner last night What you learned in class yesterday A Flashbulb Memory is a type of episodic memory that is remembered in great detail and is meaningful in some way eCdd8

2. Generic Memory General Knowledge We usually don’t remember when we learned it The first president of the United States The color of the sky Do you remember the day that you learned the alphabet? Probably not

3. Procedural Memory Skills or Procedures that you have learned Swimming Typing Solving an algebraic equation

PEG is Kind! Procedural Episodic Generic Kinds of Memory!

Three Processes of Memory 1.Encoding 2.Storage 3.Retrieval

1. Encoding The translation of information into a form in which it can be stored (Like typing information into a computer or putting a letter into an empty mailbox)

The Process of Encoding: First we receive information through our senses, then we convert them into codes so that they can be mentally processed Visual Codes: a mental picture Acoustic Codes: a sequence of sounds Semantic Codes: represents information in terms of its meaning

2. Storage Maintenance of information over a period of time (Like saving the information to a USB drive or closing the mailbox with the letter inside)

3. Retrieval Locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought (Like finding the document and opening it up or opening the mailbox to retrieve the letter again) Some information in our memory is almost impossible to forget (Like our own names)

Context-Dependent Memory Memories that are dependent on the place that they were originally learned Examples: Students do better on tests when they study the material in the room where they will be tested Some students on a swim team were asked to memorize lists of words while in the pool, while others memorized them out of the water. When asked to recall the words, there was better recall in that places that they were learned

State-Dependent Memory We also remember better when we are in the same emotional state as we were when we first learned the information

Three Stages of Memory 1.Sensory memory 2.Short-term memory 3.Long-term memory

1. Sensory Memory Immediate, initial recording of information as it enters though our senses Icons: The mental pictures we form of visual stimuli Iconic Memory: Snapshots- only last a fraction of a second Eidetic Memory: Ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time (AKA Photographic memory)

2. Short-Term Memory Place where information is held briefly before it is stored or forgotten has a limited capacity, about 7 items, and a limited duration, about 30 seconds

Short-Term Memory Whenever you are consciously thinking about something, it is in your short-term memory Examples: When you meet someone new, and hear their name for the first time Hearing the date of a test

The Primacy and Recency Effects

Primacy Effect Tendency to recall the initial items in a list Recency Effect Tendency to recall the last items in a list (Cat, Apple, Ball, Tree) (Arrow, Flower, Key, Shoe)

Chunking Organization of items into familiar/ manageable units Example: phone numbers The average person can hold a list of 7 +/- 2 items in their short-term memory Most people can remember 5 (like a zip code) Very few can remember more than 9

The Limits of Short-Term Memory Look at the list of letters that are on the next slide for about 15 seconds. Then, try to write them down.

XBLTSATMTVPHDX

Did anyone get that?

The Trick is… Since 14 letters is difficult for most people to store in their Short-Term Memory, chunking can be applied here make it easier to remember Instead of trying to remember 14 letters, you should first chunk the letters into a few more manageable segments

X BLT SAT MTV PHD X

Short-term memory is very useful, but is only a temporary solution to the problem of remembering You can remember the information just long enough to find a way to store it in the long term

3. Long-Term Memory If you want to remember something for more than just briefly, you need to store it in your long-term memory Limitless memory: our memories are FULL of information (names, dates, places, words, images, smells, tastes), and seem to have no capacity

On a blank piece of paper, Name the Seven Dwarves

Difficulty of Task Was the exercise easy or difficult? That depends on: Whether you like the movie How long ago you watched the movie How distracting your environment was

Now pick out the seven dwarves from the list: Grouchy Gabby Fearful Sleepy Smiley Jumpy Hopeful Shy Droopy Dopey Sniffy Wishful Dumpy Sneezy Pop Grumpy Bashful Cheerful Teach Snorty Happy Doc Wheezy Stubby

Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc and Bashful

Did you do better on the first or second memory exercise? Recall: Bringing something back to mind by retrieving it from your memory Example: short answer tests Recognition: identifying objects/ events that have been encountered before Example: multiple choice tests The easiest memory task

Relearning:

Memory can be improved with: Strategies to store new information in memory: Maintenance rehearsal: repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting it Elaborative rehearsal: make new information meaningful by relating it to something already well known (more effective)

Memory can be improved with: Drill and Practice How you learned the alphabet and how to count Relating new information to things we already know “I before E, except after C” Make an unusual or funny association so that it will stand out in your memory Mnemonic Devices: an acronym, phrase or jingle HOW MANY ACRONYMS DO YOU KNOW?

Mnemonic Devices Acronyms: single word in which the letters stand for something else My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas Acrostics: Take the first letter of each item and come up with a sentence that you can remember later