From Phonics to Reading 國小英語精進教學: From Phonics to Reading 楊岳龍

楊岳龍 Daniel 加拿大多倫多大學畢業 教育部英語師資培訓結業 中正大學外文研究所畢業

國小英語教學之理念 國小學生該學些什麼?

Stage 1 : Games Stage 2 : Big Books Stage 3 : Phonics Stage 4 : Reading

Significance of Reading 1. a steady & reachable source of inputs 2. a highly effective means of extending knowledge & gaining information 3. the only readily available exposure to the target language

Foundation of literacy Phonemic awareness Relate letters to sounds Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds Sight words Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

Foundation of literacy Phonemic awareness Relate letters to sounds Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds Sight words Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

Phonemic Awareness

Phonemic Awareness Phonemic awareness is the understanding, or insight, that a word is made up of a series of discrete sounds. There are 44 phonemes in English (Phonics From A To Z, pp.12)

Five Basic phonemic awareness tasks (Adams, 1990) Rhymes and alliteration Oddity tasks Oral blending Oral segmentation Phonemic manipulation (Phonics From A To Z, pp.28-29)

Some other ideas to keep in mind Phonemic awareness is not related to print. Avoid using activities as assessments. Get all students to participate. Model, model, model! 24

Foundation of literacy Phonemic awareness Relate letters to sounds Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds Sight words Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

Alphabets

字母 Alphabets /bi/ letter name Bb letter sound /b/ letter form

字母教學與練習活動 1.找找看 哪裡有字母? 2.字母像什麼?

字母教學與練習活動 1.找找看 哪裡有字母? 2.“H” 像什麼? 3.身體寫字機 4.圈字高手

Foundation of literacy Phonemic awareness Relate letters to sounds Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds Sight words Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

Phonics

Components of a phonics lesson Repeated readings Phonemic awareness exercises Explicit introduction of sound/spelling relationship Blending opportunities Word-building opportunities Controlled text reading opportunities Dictation Phonics from A to Z (p. 92-93)

Phonics lesson dos Use a logical and systematic sequence Be explicit in your introduction of sound-spelling relationships Brief and fast-paced lessons Keep the lessons focused Create a classroom environment in which children become active word watchers or word detectives A built-in review of previously taught sound-spellings Link phonics instruction to spelling Use simple, short words Phonics from A to Z (p. 91-92)

Foundation of literacy Phonemic awareness Relate letters to sounds Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds Sight words Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

Sight Words

Sight words (high frequency words) Out of 600,000+ words, 13 words account for more than 25% of the words in print a, an, for, he, is, in, it, of, that, the, to, was, you 100 words account for 50% 20% of the 250 most frequently used words by children are FUNCTION words which make up 70-75% of all the words children use in their writing Words determined to be necessary for all reading because of their high frequency Recognition of a word “at sight” without the need to analyze or decode it Words taught as a whole High frequency words is necessary for fluent reading Carry little meaning, but affect the flow and coherence of text Most are “irregular” –different from commonly-taught sound-spelling relationships

Sequence of high-frequency words instruction State aloud & use it in a sentence Write the sentence. Underline the high-frequency word Discuss the word Have children spell aloud the word Spell & write the word in the air Spell again & write on paper Display the high-frequency words on the wall Phonics from A to Z (p. 97)

High Frequency Readers Example: Lunch Mini-books Reading Sheets Sight Word Readers Example: Little and big Show and Tell: Little and big

Foundation of literacy Phonemic awareness Relate letters to sounds Phonics and the ability to manipulate the sounds Sight words Read with accuracy, fluency, speed, & expression Apply reading comprehension strategies (for understanding and enjoyment)

Reading 這是英語教師共同的希望,卻只有少數人能實現這個夢想

The teaching of phonics is only the mean to the end. Reading

When To Start Reading? Alphabets Books Phonics Readers Alphakids Example: The –et word family Example: Super Dan, the fix-it man Example: Starfall (http://www.starfall.com) Alphakids Example: Dogs Example: Dogs-Worksheet

決定閱讀階段 聲韻辨識能力 (Phonemic awareness) 讀本概念 (print concept) 字母認識 (alphabetic principle) 字音拼讀能力 (phonics) 朗讀流利度 (fluency) 文章理解 (comprehension)

Theory of Automatic Information Processing Automaticity in reading (LaBerge & Samuels, 1974) decoding comprehension Attention switch beginning readers decoding comprehension Attention fluent readers