(Please have your “Lincoln” packet out) What are the most important advantages and disadvantages to the Union and Confederacy? Answer the 4 questions on sheet

Civil War How did Executive power increase during the Civil War? How did war turn into one over slavery? – Battle of Antietam: Emancipation Proclamation – Battle of Gettysburg: Gettysburg Address – 13 th Amendment

Lincoln: (#2) Most significant “crossroad”? (#3) What if he chose differently? (#4) Examples of increases in Executive power?

The Union and Confederacy

April Sumter

Confederate President Jefferson Davis Union President Abraham Lincoln

Advantages, Disadvantages

North strategy- “Anaconda” Blockade: – No exports of cotton; economy strangled – No imports of food, materials Mississippi – Cut Confederacy in 2 Richmond – The capital

Northern strategy: “Anaconda” 1.Blockade 2.Mississippi 3.Richmond

Confederate strategy 1.Defensive war; prepare and wait for attack – All they have to do is “not lose” 2.“War of attrition” – Inflict continuous casualties on Northern attackers – North will lose the will to fight 3.Europe will side with them (cotton) – Cut off trade in 61- HUGE blunder

18 th century tactics + 19 th century technology= massive casualties (Antietam- 23,000 casualties in one day; – 5,800 dead- Iraq and Afghanistan- 5,281 dead)

1862- Battle of Antietam/ Emancipation Robert E. Lee and Confederate Army defeat Union attempts at taking Richmond…

Under Confederate General Robert E. Lee Late summer ’62- Army on a roll… INVADE NORTH (MD); victory would… – Start uprising in Maryland – Convince Europe to support South – Get food for army

Union Doesn’t know where Lee is… Secret plans found on cigar

Antietam 40,000 Confederates 100,000 Union September 1862 Northern Maryland

1 st 3 hours, 12,000 total casualties

By day’s end 12,000 Union casualties 14,000 Confederate casualties

September 17, 1862 Sept. 17, 1862=Bloodiest Day in U.S. History- 23,000 casualties – 3,654 Dead – 2 nd Bloodiest=Sept. 11, 2001 (3,056)

Antietam National Cemetary

Lee’s retreat 1/3 of Confederate Army casualties Retreats (limps) back to south Invasion a failure Northern “victory”

Lincoln: Why not free the slaves? #1 Objective: save the Union, not free slaves Political/ Military- Border states (MI, KY, DE, MD) may secede May seem like an act of desperation- Confederacy has been winning all the battles Legal- Does not have the Constitutional right to do so

Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln – Has his victory- in a position of strength – Issues Emancipation Proclamation Nov. ’62 Ultimatum to Confederacy – “On the first day of January (1863), all persons held as slaves within any State in rebellion against the United States, shall be forever free…” Issued “by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander in chief” – How does this solve all 4 Problems?

the meanwhile, Grant in the west… All that’s left is Vicksburg on Mississippi Vicksburg was high on a bluff at a bend in the Mississippi; Gunboats were useless

Vicksburg Bend in the Mississippi

Grant’s risky campaign March to May 1863 – Crosses Miss. South of V’burg – Attacks Jackson first

Seige of Vicksburg, May- July ,800 shells a day for 47 days; how many per minute??\ people inside starving… resort to eating shoe leather July 4, ,000 Confederates surrender Statue of Grant at Vicksburg today

Lingering memories Vicksburg Mississippi did not celebrate the 4 th of July again until 1944 (after D-Day)

Summer The turning point of the war Gettysburg – Vicksburg The speech

Nov the Gettysburg Address

Importance of 1863 July 3, Lee retreats from G’burg – Weakened army of Northern Virginia will never threaten Union soil again July 4, Vicksburg surrendered – Mississippi River now in Union hands